Learn Franco (Arabizi) For Beginners

If you don't know how to read the Arabic alphabet, don't worry! Arabs frequently chat using normal English letters to spell out Arabic words. For throat sounds that don't exist in English, we use numbers that visually resemble the Arabic letters.

2

Hamza (ء/ق)

Sharp "glottal stop" (like "uh-oh").

3

Ain (ع)

Deep throaty 'A' sound.

5

Khaa (خ)

Throaty 'K/H' (like German "Bach").

7

Haa (ح)

Sharp, breathy 'H' (breathing on glass).

8

Ghain (غ)

Gargling sound (like French 'R').

9

Saad (ص)

Heavy, deep 'S'.

Communication, Ethics & Manners

Establishing rapport is the foundation of clinical practice. This section covers respectful greetings, introductions, permissions, and empathy.

General History Taking

Taking a medical history requires a systematic approach. Gather demographic data, establish the chief complaint, unpack the present illness, and screen past/family history.

🩺 Medical Specialties

Select a clinical department to explore its specific terminology.

💊 Internal Medicine Systems

Select a systemic review to explore specific clinical questions.

🔪 Surgery

History taking in surgery centres on two complaints: swelling and pain (mnemonic SOCRATES). Full chapter: common symptoms plus Swellings/Ulcers, Thyroid, Hernia, Breast, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Varicosities, Lymphatics and Abdomen.

CHAPTER 2: SURGERY

Although history taking in surgery is not as extensive as in internal medicine branches, still it is not something to be taken lightly.

General history taking in Surgery, like any others includes:

a) Personal history*
b) Complaint and present history*
c) Past History*
d) Family History*

*For details, refer to General History Taking

However, in surgery cases, the most common complaints patients present with are swelling and pain. Therefore in this chapter, the detailed history taking of 'Swelling' and 'Pain' will be discussed first as not to be mentioned repeatedly in each following sheet. Accordingly, in this chapter the arrangements are made as such:

Common surgical symptoms - swelling, pain
Surgical sheets
- Swellings and Ulcers
- Thyroid
- Hernia
- Breast
- Peripheral Arterial Disease (Ischemia & Gangrene)
- Venous diseases (Varicosities)
- Lymphatics
- Abdomen

Common Surgical Symptoms

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
SWELLING
1. Nature of the Swelling
Do you have any swelling(s)?	عَنْدَكَ كَلِّكُوْعَةٌ ( كَلَاكِيْعُ ) ؟	3andak kalkou3a (kalakee3)?
Do you have any ulcers?	عَنْدَكَ قُرْحَةٌ ؟	3andak 8or7a?
Where is it?	كَلْكُوعَةٌ دِي فِينْ ؟	Kalkou3a di feen?
What about its size?	حَجَمْهَا قَدِّ إِيه ؟	7agamha 2ad eh?
2. Onset, Course and Duration
How did it start?	كَلْكُوعَةٌ دِي بَدَائَتْ إِزَيِّ ؟	Kalkou3a di bada2et ezay?
Is it increasing or decreasing in size, or remains stationary?	بتزِيدُ وَلَا بِتْقِلْ وَلَا زَيِّ مَا هِيَّ ؟	Btezid wala bet2el wala zay ma heya?
How long has it been?	بَقَالُهَا قَد ايه ؟	Ba2alha 2ad eh?
3. Association with the Swelling
Do you have other swellings anywhere else in the body?	فِيهِ كَلَاكِيعْ تَانِي عَنْدِكْ ؟	Fih kalakee3 tany 3andek?
Do you happen to know what causes the swelling?	تفْتِكِرْ إِيهُ سَبَتْ الكَلْكُوعَةُ ؟	Teftiker eh sabab el kalkou3a?
Is there anything that might increase or decrease the swelling?	فيه حَاجَةً بِتُزَوِّدْهَا أَو بِتَنْقِصْهَا ؟	Fih 7aga betzawwedha aw betna2as'ha?
Is it associated with pain?	الكَلْكُوعَةُ دِي بِتُوْجَعَكْ ؟	El kalkou3a di betewga3ak?
Is it preceeded by any trauma?	الْخَبَّطْتَ فِي الْمَكَانُ دَهُ قَبْلِ مَا يَظْهَرَك ؟	Etkhabatt fel makan da 2abl ma tezharak?
4. Pressure Symptoms on Surrounding Structures (refer specific surgical sheets)
5. Constitutional Manifestations (refer General History Taking)
6. Metastatic Symptoms (if relevant, refer General History Taking)
PAIN
1. Nature of the Pain
Do you feel pain?	فِيهِ وَجَعْ ؟	Fih waga3?
Where is the site of pain?	الوَجَعُ دَهُ فِينْ؟	El waga3 da feen?
2. Onset, Course and Duration
When did it start?	بَدَأَ امْتَى ؟	Bada2 emta?
How long does it last?	فَعَدْ قَد ايه ؟	2a3ad 2ad eh?
How did it start?	بَدَأْ إِزَي ؟	Bada2 ezay?
Did it occur suddenly or gradually?	فَحْأَةٌ وَلَا بِتَدْرِيجُ ؟	Faga2a wala betadreeg?
Is it progressive or regressive?	بِيَزِيدُ وَلَا بِيُقِلْ ؟	Biyazeed wala biyoqel?
Is it stationary or intermittent?	زَيِّ مَا هُوَ وَلَا بِيْرُوحْ أَوْ بِيْحِي تاني ؟	Zay ma howa wala biyrou7 aw biyegy tany?
3. Character and Radiation
Do you feel the pain radiating to another area?	بِيُسَمَّعْ فِي حِتَّهْ تَانِيَّهْ ؟	Biyesamma3 fi 7etta tanya?
What is the character of the pain?	الوَجَعْ دَهُ شَكْلُهُ إِيه ؟	El waga3 da shaklo eh?
- Dull aching pain	تقل ؟	Te2el?
- Throbbing pain	نَفَحْ ؟	Na2a7?
- Stitching pain	شكشكه	Shakshaka?
Is the pain severe or mild?	الوَجَعْ دَنْ حَامِدٌ وَلَا مُمَّ أَوِي ؟	El waga3 da gamed wala mosh awy?
4. Factors Affecting and Associated Symptoms
What are the factors that increase and decrease the pain?	بيزيد باية ؟ بيقل باية ؟	Biyzeed be eh? Biy2el be eh?
Are there any other associated symptoms?	فيه أَيِّ حَاجَةُ مَعَ الْوَجَعْ دَهُ ؟	Fih ay 7aga ma3a el waga3 da?

Mnemonic for pain → SOCRATES

S : Site
O : Onset
C : Character
R : Radiation or referred
A : Alleviating factor, associated symptom
T : Timing
E : Exacerbating factor
S : Severity

Surgical Sheets

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
SWELLINGS & ULCERS
PERSONAL HISTORY & COMPLAINT & PRESENT HISTORY
1. Swelling (refer Common Surgical Symptoms)
2. Pressure Symptoms
Veins: oedema & varicose veins
Is there any localized oedema (at the site of swelling)?	الحنَّهُ اللَّى فِيهَا الْكَلْكُوْعَةُ / الْقُرْحَةُ دي ورمت ؟	El 7etta elly feha el kalkou3a / el 8or7a di weremet?
Is there any varicose vein (at the site of swelling)?	فيه عُرُوقُ بِتَنْفَضْ ؟ فِيهِ وَرِيدٌ شَكْلُهُ غَرِيبٌ ظَهَرْ فِي الحِيَّةٌ دِي ؟	Fih 3orou2 btenfod? Fih wareed shaklo ghareeb zahar fel 7etta di?
Artery: colour & trophic changes
Does your skin change colour?	هَلْ لُونْ جِلْدَكْ إِنْغَيَّرُ ؟	Hal loun geldak etghayyar?
Is there any disfigurement on your skin?	شَكْلُ جِلْدَكْ انْغَيَّرُ ؟	Shakl geldak etghayyar?
Is your leg or hand losing hair?	شَعْرِ رِجْلَكْ أَوْ إِيدَكْ وقِعْ ؟	Sha3r reglak aw eedak we2e3?
Nerve: paraesthesia & deformity
Do you feel any numbness or tingling sensations?	بتحسَ بِتَنْمِيلَ فِي الْمَكَانُ دَهُ ؟	Bte7es betanmeel fel makan da?
Is there any deformity occurring due to the swelling?	شَكْلُ إِيْدَكْ إِتْغَيَّرْ أَوْ حَصَلَ فِيْهِ حَاجَةٌ غَرِيْبَةٌ ؟	Shakl eedak etghayyar aw 7asal feeh 7aga ghareeba?
3. Pain (refer Common Surgical Symptoms)
4. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer Gen. History)
PAST HISTORY & FAMILY HISTORY
THYROID (Note: questions use female pronouns as thyroid problems are mostly in females)
1. Swelling (refer Common Surgical Symptoms)
Does the swelling increase with deglutition?	بِتُرِيدُ لَمَّا تَبْلَعْ ؟	Btzeed lamma tebla3?
2. Pain (refer Common Surgical Symptoms)
Do you feel pain in your ears? (radiation through Vagus nerve)	بِتُحِسْ بِوَجَعْ فِي وِدْنِكْ ؟	Bte7esy bewaga3 fi wednek?
3. Pressure Manifestations
Trachea: positional dyspnoea
Do you have difficulty in breathing?	بِيْجِيلَكَ كَرْشَةُ النَّفَس ؟	Biygeelek karshet nafas?
Does it increase during sleep?	بِتُزِيدُ لَمَّا تِنَامُ فِي اللَّيل ؟	Btzeed lamma tenamy fel leyl?
Oesophagus: dysphagia
Do you have difficulty in swallowing?	عَنْدِكْ صُعُوبَةٌ فِي البَلْع ؟	3andek so3ouba fel bal3?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve: hoarseness of voice
Do you notice any change in your voice?	حَصَلَ تَغْيِيرُ أَوْ بَحْةٍ فِي الصُّوت ؟	7asal taghyeer aw ba77a fes-soot?
Internal jugular vein: suffusion & oedema of the face
Do you feel dizziness when bending forward?	بِنْحِسَ بِدَوْخَةٌ لَمَّا بِتِرْكَعِي فِي الصَّلَاةُ ؟	Bte7esy bedoukha lamma bterka3y fes-sala?
Did you have any oedema of the face?	وِشَكٍّ بِتُوَرَمْ ؟	Wesh-shek betewram?
Common carotid artery: postural fainting
Do you feel dizziness?	غِبْتَ عَنِ الْوَعْيِ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Ghebty 3an el wa3y 2abl keda?
Sympathetic chain: Horner's Syndrome (ptosis & anhidrosis)
Can you close your eyes properly?	ممكن تَغْفِلْ عِيَنِكَ كُوَيْس ؟	Momken te2fely 3einek kwayes?
Is there no sweating on half of your face?	مفِيشَ عَرَقْ فِي نُصْ وِشَكٍّ ؟	Mafeesh 3ara2 fi nos wesh-shek?
4. Toxic Manifestations
Nervous: insomnia, nightmares, fine tremors & irritability
Is there any change in your sleep time recently?	فِيهِ تَغْبِيرٌ فِي عَدَدُ السَّاعَاتُ نُوْمَكْ ؟	Fih taghyeer fi 3adad sa3at nomek?
Are there any tremors in your hands?	عَنْدِكَ رَعْشَةً فِي إِيدِيكُ ؟	3andek ra3sha fi eedeeky?
Does your drink spill when you carry a glass?	وَكُبَايَةُ المَيَّةُ بِتَنْهَزْ فِي إِيدِيكُ ؟	We kobayet el mayya btet'haz fi eedeeky?
Do you feel nervous daily?	انتي بقيتِي عَصَبِيَّةُ اليُومِينْ دُول ؟	Enty ba2eety 3asabeyya el yomeen dool?
Cardiac: palpitation & heart failure
Are you aware of your heart beats?	بتحِسِّي رَفْرَفَةً عَلَى قَلْبِكْ ؟	Bte7essy rafrefa 3ala 2albek?
Is there oedema in your leg?	رِجْلِكَ بِتَوَرَم ؟	Reglek betewram?
Do you have difficulty in breathing?	بيجِلِيكْ كَرْشَةِ النَّفَس ؟	Biygeelek karshet nafas?
Metabolic: heat intolerance & thyroid paradox
Do you feel that your dressing habits have changed?	حَسِّيتْ أَنْ طَبِيعِة لِبْسَكْ الْغَيْرِتْ ؟	7asseity en tabee3et lebsek etghayyaret?
Are you now wearing thinner clothes during winter or has nothing changed?	وَبُقِيتُ تِلْبِسْ خَفِيفِ فِي الشَّتَاءُ وَلَا مَفِيشَ تَغْيِيرُ ؟	We ba2eety telbesy khafeef fesh-sheta wala mafeesh taghyeer?
Do you feel warm to your surrounding?	بتحسي بحرارة الجو ؟	Bte7essy be 7araret el gaw?
Are you eating more than before but still losing weight?	بتكَلِي أَكْتَرْ وَلِسَّهُ بِتُخِنِّي كِثِيرٌ ؟	Btakly aktar we lessa btekhissy keteer?
Eye: exophthalmos & diplopia
Do you feel like your eyes are bulging out?	عِينِيكِ طِلْعِتْ لِبَرَهُ ؟	3eineeky tel3et lebarra?
Do you see one object as two?	بتُحِنِّي إِنْ بِتُشُوفِي الْحَاجَةِ اثْنِينَ ؟	Bte7essy enek bteshoufy el 7aga etneen?
Reproduction: menorrhagia, amenorrhoea & impotence
What about your menses? Is it regular or not?	أَحْبَارُ الدَّوْرَةُ الشَّهْرِيَةُ إِيه ؟ مُنْتَظِمَةٌ وَلا مُلَحْبَطَةٌ ؟	Akhbar el dawra esh-shahreyya eh? Montazema wala melakhbata?
Is there any problem during erection or during sexual intercourse?	هَلْ هِنَاكُ مُشْكِلَةٌ فِي الانْتِصَابُ وَ عَلَاقَتَكْ بِمِرَاتَك ؟	Hal honak moshkela fel entesab wa 3ala2tak bemeratak?
Gastrointestinal & Urinary Tract: diarrhoea & polyuria
Do you have diarrhoea?	بِيحِلِيكَ إِسْهَالُ ؟	Biygeelek eshal?
Do you micturate frequently?	بِتَتَبَوَّلْ كَثِيرُ اليُومِينْ دُول ؟	Betetbawwel keteer el yomeen dool?
Skin & Subcutaneous Tissue: warmth and swelling
Do you feel your skin is warm and sweaty?	بِتِعْرَقْ كِثِيرٌ ؟	Bte3ra2 keteer?
Do you feel any swellings under your skin?	فِيهِ وَرَمْ مَوْجُودٌ تَحْتِ الْجِلدُ ؟	Fih waram mawgoud ta7t el geld?
Musculoskeletal: myopathy & osteoporosis
Can you still go to work as usual or are you feeling weak?	تِقْدَرْ بِتُرُوحُ الشُّغْلَ زَيِّ مَا انْتِ مِتْعَوِّدْ وَلَا بِتَعِبْ كِثِيرٌ ؟	Te2dar betrou7 esh-shoghl zay menty met3awwed wala btet3ab keteer?
Can you do house-chores like before?	بِتِعْمِلِي شُغْلِ البِيْتُ زَيِّ الأَوَّلْ ؟	Bte3mely shoghl el beet zay el awwal?
Do you have any bony aches?	هَلْ هُنَاكَ وَجَعْ فِي عِظَامِكَ ؟	Hal honak waga3 fi 3ezamek?
5. Manifestations of Hypothyroidism
Nervous: slow thinking, apathy & tendency to sleep
Do you feel that she is a bit slow in thinking?	بنحِس أَنْ عِنْدَهَا بُطْءُ فِي التَّفْكِيرُ ؟	Bte7es en 3andaha bot2 fet-tafkeer?
Do you feel that she is fairly impassive?	بتحس أنْ عِنْدَهَا بَلَادَةً فِي التَّفْكِيرُ ؟	Bte7es en 3andaha balada fet-tafkeer?
Do you notice that she is having tendency to sleep?	بِتَلَاحِظُ أَنْ هِيَ تَنَامِ كَثِيرُ ؟	Betla7ez en heya btenam keteer?
Metabolic: loss of appetite, increased body weight & intolerance to cold weather
What about your appetite?	أَحْبَارُ شَهِيَّتَكَ لِلْأَكْلِ إيه ؟	Akhbar shaheyyetak lel akl eh?
Are you gaining weight?	فِيهِ زِيَادَةٌ فِي وَزْنُ جِسْمَكَ ؟	Fih zeyada fi wazn gesmak?
Can you stand cold weather?	مُسْ بِتَقْدَرُ تَنْحَمِّلُ الْبَرْدِ ؟	Mosh bte2dar tet7ammel el bard?
Reproduction: oligomenorrhoea
What about your menses? Is it getting less in frequency?	أَخْبَارُ الدَّوْرَةُ إِيهُ ؟ كَانْ الْوَقْتَ أَطْوَلْ بين دورتين ؟	Akhbar el dawra eh? Kan el wa2t atwal beyn dawreteyn?
Gastrointestinal tract: constipation
Do you have constipation?	عَنْدِكَ إِمْسَاكُ ؟	3andek emsak?
HERNIA
1. Swelling (refer Common Surgical Symptoms)
Does the swelling increase with coughing (straining)?	بِتُرِيدُ لَمَّا بِتْكُحْ ؟	Btzeed lamma btekoh?
Does the swelling decrease on lying down?	بِتْقِلْ لَمَّا بِتْنَامُ عَلَى ظَهْرِكْ ؟	Bte2el lamma btenam 3ala zahrak?
3. Symptoms of Complications
Irreducibility
Can the swelling go back to its place when you push it?	الكَلْكُوْعَةُ دِي بِتِرْجَعْ لَمَّا تَزُقِّهَا ؟	El kalkou3a di bterga3 lamma tezo22aha?
Is it completely reducible or only partially?	بِتِرْجَعُ كُلُّهَا وَلَا إِيه ؟	Bterga3 kolaha wala eh?
Intestinal obstruction: Colicky pain, vomiting & constipation
Do you have colicky abdominal pain?	عَنْدِكْ مَغَصْ ؟	3andek maghas?
Is there any vomiting?	بترجيع ؟	Be-targee3?
Do you have absolute constipation (no passage of any stools or flatus)?	فِيه إِمْسَاكْ بِدُوْنٌ بُرَازُ أَوْ رِيحٌ ؟	Fih emsak bedoun boraz aw ree7?
4. Precipitating Factors
Have you had a cough for a long time?	عَنْدِكْ كُمَّةٌ عَلَى طُولُ ؟	3andek ko77a 3ala tool?
Have you had constipation for a long time?	عنْدِكْ امْسَاكْ مِنْ فَتْرَةً طَوِيلَةٌ ؟	3andek emsak men fatra taweela?
Do you have difficulty in micturation (with straining)?	بِتَتْبُولُ بِصُعُوبَةٌ ؟	Betetbawwel beso3ouba?
Do you often lift heavy weights?	دَائِمًا تَحْمِلْ حَاجَاتْ تِقِيلَةٌ ؟	Da2eman te7mel 7agat te2eela?
BREAST
2. Pain (refer Common Surgical Symptoms)
Is the pain premenstrual and relieved after menstruation?	الْوَجَعْ دَهُ بِيَزِيدُ قَبْلِ الدَّوْرَةُ وَبِيخِفْي بَعْدِهَا ؟	El waga3 da biyzeed 2abl el dawra we biykhef ba3daha?
3. Nipple Abnormalities (Nipple Discharge)
Is there any secretion or discharge from the nipple?	فِيهِ إِفْرَازَاتْ مِنَ الْحَلَمَةُ ؟	Fih efrazat men el 7alama?
From which side of the breast? One side or both?	مِنْ أَيِّ نَاحْيَةٌ ؟ نَاحْيَةً وَاحْدَةً وَلَا نَاحْيِتَيْنٌ ؟	Men ay na7ya? Na7ya wa7da wala na7yeteyn?
What is the character of the discharge?	إِفْرَازَاتٌ دِي شَكْلُهَا إِيه ؟	Efrazat di shaklaha eh?
What is the color of the discharge?	إفْرَازَاتْ دِي لُوْنُهَا إِيه ؟	Efrazat di lounaha eh?
What is the amount of the discharge?	كَمِّيْتُهَا قَدَّ إِيه ؟	Kammeyet'ha 2ad eh?
Nipple Inflammation & Retraction
Is there any redness around the nipple?	حَوَالَى الحَلَمَةِ مُحْمَرُ ؟	7awalay el 7alama me7mer?
Is there any change in the nipple's position?	فِية تَغْيِيرُ فِي اتِّجَاهُ الْحَلَمَةُ ؟	Fih taghyeer fi ettegah el 7alama?
4. Skin Manifestations
Is there any dimpling on your chest's skin?	هَلْ هُنَاكَ نَغْزَةٌ فِي جِلْدِ صِدْرَك ؟	Hal honak naghza fi geld sedrak?
Are there any swellings appearing on your breast skin?	فِي كَلَاكِيعُ ظَهَرَتْ فِي الثَّدْي ؟	Fi kalakee3 zaharet feth-thady?
Is there any ulcer on your breast skin?	فِيه أَي قُرْحَ عَلَى جِلْدِ الثَّدْي ؟	Fih ay 8or7a 3ala geld eth-thady?
Is there any swelling on your arm? (Brawny Oedema)	فِية أَيُ وَرَمْ فِي الذِّرَاعُ ؟	Fih ay waram fed-deraa3?
Is there any swelling on your umbilicus? (Sister Joseph Nodules)	فِيه كَلْكُوعَةٌ فِي السُرَّة ؟	Fih kalkou3a fes-sorra?
5. Contraceptive History
Have you taken oral contraceptives before?	أَخَذْتِ حُبُوبُ لِمَنْعِ الْحَمْلِ قَبْلِ كِدَة ؟	Akhadty 7oboub leman3 el 7aml 2abl keda?
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE (ISCHEMIA & GANGRENE)
1. Pain (Differentiate Claudication Pain From Rest Pain)
[Claudication pain] Is the pain aggravated by walking and relieved by rest?	أَلَمْ بِيْزِيْدُ مَعَ الْمَشْيِ ؟ وَبِيْقِلُ لَمَّا تَقِفْ وَتِرْتَاحُ شُوَيَّة ؟	Alam biyzeed ma3 el mashy? We biy2el lamma te2af weterta7 shwayya?
[Rest pain] Is the pain aggravated by elevation or warmth and relieved by lowering and uncovering the limb?	أَلَمْ بِيْزِيْدُ لَمَّا تَنَامُ عَلَى ظَهْرَكْ بِاللَّيْلُ ؟ وَبِيْقِلُ لَمَّا تِنَزِّلُ رِجْلَكُ مِنَ السَّرِيرُ ؟	Alam biyzeed lamma tenam 3ala zahrak bel-leyl? We biy2el lamma tenazzel reglak men es-sereer?
Severity: Claudication time, distance & rest time
Do you notice the distance it takes before you feel the pain?	بِتِمْشِ قَدَّ إِيهُ وَبَعْدَ كِدَةٌ بِيْجِيلَكُ الأَلَمُ ؟	Btemshy 2ad eh we ba3d keda biygeelak el alam?
Do you notice the time it takes before you feel the pain?	وَبِتِمْشِ الْمَسَافَةُ دِي فِي قَدَّ إِيهُ ؟	We btemshy el masafa di fi 2ad eh?
Do you notice the time it takes for the pain to be relieved after you stop walking?	بِتِرْتَاحُ قَدَّ إِيهُ عَشَانُ الْوَجَعُ يَرُوحُ ؟	Bterta7 2ad eh 3ashan el waga3 yerou7?
Grade of Severity: Boyd's classification
[Grade I] Does the pain pass on continued walking?	لَوْ جَالَكُ الْوَجَعُ وَكَمِّلْتَ مَشْيُ بِتِرْتَاحُ ؟	Law galak el waga3 we kammelt mashy bterta7?
[Grade II] Does the pain persist, but does not force you to stop?	الْوَجَعُ بِيَفْضَلُ مَعَاكُ لَكِنُ بِتِقْدَرُ تُكَمِّل مَشْيُ ؟	El waga3 biyefdal ma3ak laken bte2dar tokammel mashy?
[Grade III] Does the pain increase and force you to stop?	الْوَجَعُ بِيُوَقِّفَكُ وَمَبْتِقْدَرْش تُكَمِّل مَشْيُ ؟	El waga3 beywa22afak we mabte2darsh tokammel mashy?
2. Trophic Changes
Is your skin dry and scaly?	حَاسِسُ إِنْ جِلْدَكَ نَاشِفٌ وَمُقَشَّرُ ؟	7ases en geldak nashef we me2ash-shar?
Are there any ulcers on your skin?	فِية أي قُرَح عَلَى جِلْدَك ؟	Fih ay 8ora7 3ala geldak?
Is your leg or hand losing hair?	شَعْرُ رِجْلَكُ أَوْ إِيدَكُ وقِعْ ؟	Sha3r reglak aw eedak we2e3?
Are your nails cracked and brittle?	ضَوَافِرَكُ بِتِتْشَقَّقُ وَتِتْكَسَّرُ ؟	Dawafrak btetsha22a2 wetetkassar?
Muscle Wasting and Loss of Subcutaneous Fat
Do you feel that your leg or hand has atrophied?	حَاسِسُ إِنْ رِجْلَكُ أَوْ إِيدَكُ خَسَّتْ ؟	7ases en reglak aw eedak khasset?
Do you notice any change of thickness in your fingers and toes?	حَاسِسُ إِنْ شَكْلُ صَوَابِعَكُ إِنْغَيَّرُ ؟	7ases en shakl sawabe3ak etghayyar?
3. Sensory Changes
Do you feel coldness in your leg or hand?	بِتُحِسُ بِبُرُودَةُ فِي الأَطْرَافُ ؟	Bte7es bebrooda fel atraf?
Do you feel any localized numbness or tingling sensations?	بِتُحِسُ بِتَنْمِيلُ فِي الْمَكَانُ دَهُ ؟	Bte7es betanmeel fel makan da?
Do you notice any increase or decrease in your touch sensation?	حَاسِسُ إِنْ الإِحْسَاسُ بَتَاعَكُ بِيْزِيْدُ أَوْ بِيْقِلُ شُوَيَّة ؟	7ases en el e7sas beta3ak biyzeed aw biy2el shwayya?
When you stand, do you feel both legs equally?	لَمَّا بِتْقَفُ عَلَى الأَرْضُ بِتُحِسُ الرِّجْلِينُ زَيُ بَعْضُ ؟	Lamma bte2af 3ala el ard bte7es er-regleen zay ba3d?
4. Colour Changes
Is there any change in your skin colour?	هَلْ لُونُ جِلْدَكُ إِنْغَيَّرُ ؟	Hal loun geldak etghayyar?
VENOUS DISEASE (VARICOSITIES)
1. Swelling/Varicosities
Does it increase on standing?	بِيْزِيْدُ لَمَّا بِتْقُوْم ؟	Biyzeed lamma bet2oom?
Does it decrease on lying down and raising your feet?	بِيْرُوْح لَمَّا بِنَامُ أَوْ وبِطَلَّعُ رِجْلَكُ فُوْق ؟	Biyrou7 lamma btenam aw btetaLla3 reglak foo2?
3. Possible Causes
Did you ever have any lower limb pain before?	رِجْلَكُ وَجَعْتَكُ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Reglak waga3tak 2abl keda?
Were you admitted and did you receive heparin or any anticoagulants?	دَخَلْتَ مُسْتَشْفَى وَأَدُّوكُ هِيبَارِينُ ؟	Dakhalt mostashfa wa addouk heparin?
Have you taken oral contraceptive pills before?	خَدْتِ حُبُوبُ لِمَنْعِ الْحَمْلِ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Khadty 7oboub leman3 el 7aml 2abl keda?
Have you ever been in a condition that needs prolonged recumbency in bed?	رَقَدْتُ فِي السَّرِيرُ كَتِيرُ الْفَتْرَةُ اللّي فَاتِتُ ؟	Ra2adt fes-sereer keteer el fatra elly fatet?
Have you had any pelvic operations?	عَمَلْتَ أَي عَمَلِيَّةُ فِي بَطْنَكُ ؟	3amalt ay 3amaleyya fi batnak?
Have you ever had any trauma before?	إِنْخَبَطْتَ فِي رِجْلَكُ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Etkhabatt fi reglak 2abl keda?
Primary varicose vein
What do you work as? Does your occupation require prolonged standing or sitting?	بِتِشْتَغَل إِية ؟ الشُّغُولُ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى تَقُوْمِ وَلِتُقْعُدْ لِفَطَرَةٌ طَوِيْلَةٌ ؟	Bteshtaghal eh? Esh-shoghl ye7tag ela t2oom we to23od lefatra taweela?
Do you have flat foot?	عَنْدَكُ flat foot؟	3andak flat foot?
Do you have history of piles or varicocele?	جَالَكُ بَوَاسِيرُ أَوْ دَوَالِي فِي كِيسَ الخِصْيَةُ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Galak bawaseer aw dawaly fi kees el khesya 2abl keda?
4. Complications
Is there any oedema in your leg?	رِجْلَكُ وَرِّمِتُ ؟	Reglak warremet?
Is there any pigmentation on the skin of your thigh?	فِية تَغْيِيرُ فِي لُوْنُ جِلْدِ الفَخِذُ عِنْدَكُ ؟	Fih taghyeer fi loun geld el fakhz 3endak?
Is there any ulceration on your skin?	فِية أَي قُرْحَةُ فِي الجِلْد ؟	Fih ay 8or7a fel geld?
Is there any bleeding?	بِنْتِزِيفُ مِنْ أَي حِتَّة ؟	Btenzef men ay 7etta?
Did you have attacks of red, hot and tender limbs (thrombophlebitis)?	رِجْلَكُ أَحْمَرَتْ وَسُخْنِتْ وَكَأَنَّ مَعَاهَا وَجَعُ جَامِدُ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Reglak a7maret we sekhnet wa ka'anna ma3aha waga3 gamed 2abl keda?
LYMPHATICS
5. Generalized Lymphadenopathy Manifestations
Tuberculosis manifestations
Do you have fevers at night?	عِنْدَكُ سُخُونِيَّةُ بِاللَّيْلُ ؟	3endak sokhouneyya bel-leyl?
Do you sweat excessively at night?	بِتِعْرَقُ كِتِيرُ بِاللَّيْلُ ؟	Bte3ra2 keteer bel-leyl?
Are you losing weight?	وَزْنَكَ بِيِنْزِلُ ؟	Waznak biyenzel?
Is there any change in appetite?	هَلْ فِية تَغْيِيرُ فِي شَهِيَّتَكُ ؟	Hal fih taghyeer fi shaheyetak?
Leukemia manifestations
Do you bleed from your nose and gum occasionally?	سَاعَاتُ بِتِنْزِفُ مِنَ الْمَنَاخِيرُ وَاللِّثَةُ ؟	Sa3at btenzef men el manakheer wel letha?
Do you bleed easily even with minor trauma?	سَهْل بِنْتِزِيفُ مِنُ أَقَلُ خَبْطَةُ ؟	Sahl btenzef men a2al khabta?
Do you have bony aches?	هَلْ فِية وَجَعُ فِي عِظَامِكُ ؟	Hal fih waga3 fi 3ezamek?
Lymphomas manifestations
Is it associated with itching?	فِية الْهَرْشِ ؟	Fih harsh?
Are you losing weight?	فِية فُقْدَانُ لِلْوَزْنُك ؟	Fih fo2dan le-waznak?
Glandular fever or secondary syphilis: skin rashes
Do you have skin rashes?	عِنْدَكُ طَفْحُ جِلْدِي ؟	3endak taf7 geldy?
6. Pressure Manifestations (Abdominal, Chest, Axillary)
Do you have pain in the abdomen?	عِنْدَكُ أَلَمُ فِي بَطْنَكُ ؟	3endak alam fi batnak?
Do you notice any yellowish discoloration of your eye?	عِينِكَ إِصْفَرَّتْ ؟	3einek esfarret?
Is there any oedema in your leg?	رِجْلَكُ وَرِّمِتُ ؟	Reglak warremet?
Do you feel any pain at the renal angle?	فِي وَجَعُ فِي جَنْبَكُ ؟	Fi waga3 fi ganbak?
Do you have chest pain?	عِنْدَكُ وَجَعُ فِي صِدْرَكُ ؟	3endak waga3 fi sedrak?
Do you have difficulty in breathing?	عِنْدَكُ كَرْشَةُ النَّفَس ؟	3endak karshet nafas?
Do you have cough?	عِنْدَكُ كُحَّةُ ؟	3endak ko77a?
Is there any oedema in your arm?	فِية أَي وَرَمْ فِي الذِّرَاعُ ؟	Fih ay waram fed-deraa3?
Is there any pain in your arm?	فِية أَي وَجَعُ فِي الذِّرَاعُ ؟	Fih ay waga3 fed-deraa3?
Do you feel any numbness or tingling sensations in your arm?	بِتُحِسَن أَضْعَفُ وَلَّا بِتَنْمِيل فِي ذِرَاعَكُ ؟	Bte7es beda3f wala betanmeel fi deraa3ak?
Is there any gangrenous black discoloration in your arm?	هَلْ فِي حِتَّةُ إِسْوَدَّتْ فِي ذِرَاعَكُ ؟	Hal fi 7etta eswaddet fi deraa3ak?
ABDOMEN
3. Possible Causes
Bilharziasis manifestations
Do you notice blood in your urine at the end of micturition?	فِية دَمُ مَعَ الْبَوْلُ فِي نِهَايَةُ التَّبَوُّلُ ؟	Fih dam ma3 el bawl fi nehayet et-tabawwol?
Do you feel pain at the end of micturition?	حَاسِسَن بِأَلَمُ فِي نِهَايَةُ التَّبَوُّلُ ؟	7ases be alam fi nehayet et-tabawwol?
Haemolytic anemia manifestations
Do you have fever?	عِنْدَكُ سُخُونِيَّةُ ؟	3endak sokhouneyya?
Do you have pain in the abdomen?	عِنْدَكُ وَجَعُ فِي بَطْنَكُ ؟	3endak waga3 fi batnak?
Is there any vomiting?	فِية أَي تَرْجِيعُ ؟	Fih ay targee3?
Is there any change in urine or stool colour?	فِية تَغْيِيرُ فِي لُوْنُ الْبَوْلُ أَوْ لُوْنُ الْبُرَازُ ؟	Fih taghyeer fi loun el bawl aw loun el boraz?
Malaria manifestations
Do you have fever? Is it stationary in course or intermittent?	عِنْدَكُ سُخُونِيَّةُ ؟ السُّخُونِيَّةُ زَي مَاهُوَ وَلَّا بِيْرُوْح أَوْ بِيْجِي تَانِي ؟	3endak sokhouneyya? Es-sokhouneyya zay ma howa walla biyrou7 aw biyegy tany?
Do you have rigors and sweating?	بِتِتْشَنِّجُ وَبِتِعْرَقُ مَعَ السُّخُونِيَّةُ دِي ؟	Btetshanneg we bte3ra2 ma3 es-sokhouneyya di?
5. Symptoms of Complications
Are you always feeling tired throughout the day?	بِتْتْعَبْ كِتِيرُ طُولُ الْيُومُ ؟	Btet3ab keteer tool el youm?
Do you have fainting attacks?	غِبْتَ عَنِ الْوَعْيِ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Ghebta 3an el wa3y 2abl keda?
Do you bleed easily even with minor trauma?	سَهْل بِيِنْزِيفُ مِنْ أَقَلُ خَبْطَةُ ؟	Sahl biyenzef men a2al khabta?
Do you have repeated infections (chest, urinary tract etc)?	جَالَكُ إِلْتِهَابَاتُ كِتِيرُ زَيِ إِلْتِهَابُ رِئَوِي مَثَلاً ؟	Galak eltehabat keteer zay eltehab re2awy mathalan?

Doctor & Patient Interactions

Doctor: Do you feel pain? (فِيهِ وَجَعْ ؟ / Fih waga3?)

Patient: Yes doctor, I am in pain.

Doctor: Where is the site of pain? (الوَجَعُ دَهُ فِينْ؟ / El waga3 da feen?)

Patient: Here in my leg.

Doctor: When did it start? (بَدَأَ امْتَى ؟ / Bada2 emta?)

Patient: About two days ago.

Doctor: Did it occur suddenly or gradually? (فَحْأَةٌ وَلَا بِتَدْرِيجُ ؟ / Faga2a wala betadreeg?)

Patient: It started suddenly.

🧸 Paediatrics

Full chapter with the extra paediatric sections — Antenatal, Natal/Neonatal, Postnatal, Dietetic, Developmental and Vaccination history — plus system-based sheets (Nutrition, Cardiovascular, Chest, Haematology, Hepatology, GIT, Nephrology, Neurology).

Paediatrics

CHAPTER 3: PAEDIATRICS

GENERAL HISTORY IN PAEDIATRICS

History taking in Paediatrics is quiet similar with Internal Medicine with addition of some extra points:

For personal history, the details about siblings must be included in the form of number, sex and their age. It is even better to draw a pedigree chart to show the occurrence of the disease, especially familial ones, that runs in the family.
Positive consanguinity must be put in the personal history instead of family history.
Additional histories in every Paediatric sheets are: Antenatal, natal and postnatal history; Dietetic history; Developmental history; Vaccination history.
The arrangement according to the systems with emphasis of the most common diseases in Egypt for undergraduate medical studies such as: Nutrition (Marasmus, Kwashiorkor, Rickets); Cardiovascular system (Heart failure, Low cardiac output, Cyanosis, Rheumatic activity, Infective endocarditis); Chest (Chest infection); Haematology (Anemia, Leucopenia, Coagulopathy, Platelet disorder, Malignancy); Hepatology (Jaundice, Liver cell failure, Portal hypertension); Gastrointestinal (Upper GIT and lower GIT symptoms); Nephrology (Acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome); Neurology (Down syndrome, Hydrocephalus, Cerebral palsy).

English Text	Arabic Text	Franco-Arabic (Transliterated)
ANTENATAL HISTORY
Did you have diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy?	حالك سُكَّرْ أَوْ ضَغْطِ أَوْ زُلَالُ فِي الْبُولُ أَثْنَا الْحَمْل ؟	Galek sokkar aw daght aw zolal fel baoul asna2 el 7aml?
Did you take any medicine? What were they?	حدْنِي أَيِّ أَدْوِيَةٌ ؟ إِيهُ نُوْعَهَا ؟	Khedti ay adweya? Eh no3ha?
Did you have fever or skin rash?	جَالِكَ سُخُونِيَةً أَوْ طَفْحُ جِلْدِي ؟	Galek sokhonneya aw taf7 geldy?
Did you do any investigations other than ultrasound?	عَمَلتِي أَيِّ أَشَعَةٌ غِيرُ اللأَشَعَةُ التلفزينية ؟	3amalty ay ashe3a gheer el ashe3a el televizionejya?
NATAL AND NEONATAL HISTORY
Where did you give birth? With whom, a doctor or a midwife?	وَلَدْتِي فِينْ ؟ وَمِينَ اللَّي وَلْدِكْ ذُكْتُورٌ وَلَا دَايَةً مَثَلًا ؟	Waladty feen? Wa meen elly waldek doktor wala daya masalan?
Normal delivery or caesarean?	وَلَدْتِي طَبِيعِي وَلَا قَيْصَرِي ؟	Waladty tabee3y wala al-qaysary?
Did you give birth after 9 months or not?	الْوِلَادَةُ بَعْد 9 شُهُورٌ وَلَا إِيه ؟	El welada ba3d 9 shohour wala eh?
How long was the interval between the moment you felt water come out and when you gave birth?	حسيتِي بِمَيَةُ الْحَمْلِ وَبَعْدِينَ وَلِدْتِي بَعْدَهَا بِقَدْ إِيه ؟	7asseity bemayet el 7aml wa ba3deen waladty ba3daha be2ad eh?
How long was the period of delivery? If prolonged, why?	فترة الوِلَادَةُ قَدْ إِيهُ ؟ لَوْ طُولَتْ قَوِي لية ؟	Fatra el welada 2ad eh? Law tawwelet awy leih?
Did you have problems during delivery? Did the doctor use any instruments or drugs to aid the delivery?	كان فِي مُشْكِلَهُ أَثْنَا الْوِلَادَةُ ؟ هَلْ الدكْتُورُ اسْتَعْمَلْ أَي مُلْقَاطٌ أَوْ ادوات ؟	Kan fi moshkela asna2 el welada? Hal el doktor esta3mal ay mol2at aw adawat?
Did your child cry immediately? If not, why and what was the action of the doctor?	أَوَّلُ مَا نَزِلْ عَبِطَ عَلَى طُولُ ؟ لَوْ اتَّأَخَرُ إيه السَّبَبُ وَالْعَمَلُهُ إِيه ؟	Awwel ma nezel 3ayat 3ala toul? Law eta2khar eh el sabab wa el 3amalo eh?
Did your child have complete parts of the body?	وَكَانَ مُكْتَمِلُ الْتُمُرُّ وَلَا نَاقِصُ النُمُو هَلْ دَهُ دَخَلُهُ الْحَضَّانَةُ ؟	Wa kan moktamel el nomow wala naqes el nomow hal da dakhaly el haddana?
What was your child's weight during birth?	وَزْنُهُ وَقْتِ الوِلَادَةُ كَانَ كَامُ ؟	Wazno waqt el welada kan kam?
Did your child take his first breath by himself?	كان بيرفس ؟	Kan beyrafas?
Did your child have any fits? If yes, why, shape of fit, how long, was it intermittent or continuous and how many times per day?	كان بِيتُشَنِّجْ ؟ لَوْ نَعَمْ تَقُولُ لِيهْ وِشَكْلُ تَشَنُّجَاتْ ومُدِتْهَا وَهَلْ كَانَتْ نَوْبَاتٌ وَلَا مُسْتَمِرَّةً وَكَامٌ مَرَّةً فِي الْيُومُ رَاحِتْ بَعْدَ قَدْ إِيه ؟	Kan beytshaneg? Law na3am ta2oul leih wa shakl tashannogat wa moddetha wa hal kanet nawbat wala mostamerra wa kam marra fel youm ra7et ba3d 2ad eh?
Did your child look yellowish? If yes, why, how long and how did it disappear?	كَانْ لُونُهُ أَصْفَرْ ؟ ليه ؟ فِضْلِتْ قَدْ ايه وَرَاحِتْ إِنَّاي ؟	Kan lono asfar? Leih? Fedlet 2ad eh wa ra7et ezay?
Did your child appear bluish? If yes, why, how long and how it did it disappear?	كَانْ لُونُهُ اَزْرَقْ ؟ لِيهِ ؟ فَضْلِتْ قَدْ ايه وِرَاحِتْ إِنَّاي ؟	Kan lono azraq? Leih? Fedlet 2ad eh wa ra7et ezay?
Did your child breathe normally?	كَانَ بِيتُنَفِّسْ كُوَيْسٌ ؟	Kan beyetnafes kwayes?
Was your child put on a mechanical ventilator? If yes, why and for how long?	الْحَطْ عَلَى جِهَازُ تَنَفُسْ صِنَاعِي ؟ أَوْ أَتْرَكِبْلُهُ مَحَالِيلٌ ؟ لَوْ نَعَمْ يُبْقِي لِيه وَقَعَدْ عَلِيْهَا كِدَةٌ قَدْ إِيه ؟	Et7at 3ala gehaz tanafos sena3y? Aw etrakeblo ma7aleel? Law na3am yeb2a leih wa 2a3ad 3aleha keda 2ad eh?
POSTNATAL HISTORY
Did your child have trauma to his head or anywhere else?	الْخَبَطْ فِي رَأْسُهُ وَلَا حَاجَةً ؟	Etkhabat fi raso wala 7aga?
Did your child have bleeding? If yes, why?	كَانَ فِيهِ نَزِيفٌ لِلْوَلَدْ ؟ ليه ؟	Kan fih nazeef lel walad? Leih?
Did your child have fever?	كَانَ عَنْدُهُ سُحْنِيَّةٌ ؟	Kan 3ando sokhonneya?
Did your child appear yellowish?	كَانْ لُونُهُ أَصْفَرْ ؟	Kan lono asfar?
Did your child appear bluish?	كَانْ لُونُهُ أَزْرَقْ ؟	Kan lono azraq?
Did your child have any fits?	كَانْ عَنْدُهُ تَشَنُّجَاتُ ؟	Kan 3ando tashannogat?
Did you have fever or skin rash after delivery?	جَالُهُ سُخُونِيَّةً أَوْ طَفْحُ جِلْدِي بَعْدِ الْوِلَادَةُ ؟	Galoh sokhonneya aw taf7 geldy ba3d el welada?
Did you breastfeed your child immediately? If not, why?	رَضَّعْنِي عَلَى طُولُ بَعْدِ الوِلَادَةُ ؟ وَلَا اتَّأَخَّرْ قَدْ إِيه ؟	Rada3ty 3ala toul ba3d el welada? Wala eta2khar 2ad eh?
DIETETIC HISTORY
Did you breastfeed?	انْتِي بِتَرْضَعِي طَبِيعِي ؟	Enty betradha3y tabee3y?
If yes (breastfeeding)
Did you breastfeed immediately?	اولْ مَا الْوَلَدْ رِضِعُ عَلَى طُولُ ؟	Awwel ma el walad rede3 3ala toul?
Did you breastfeed when he was hungry or according to an arranged time?	بِيرْضَعْ لَمَا يَجُوعُ وَلَا بِانْتِظَامُ ؟	Beyerdha3 lamma yegou3 wala bentezam?
How do you know your child is hungry? Crying for example?	بتعْرَفِي مِنِينَ إِنَّهُ بِيَجُوعْ ؟ بِيْعِيَطْ مَثَلًا ؟	Bete3rafy mnen enno beyegou3? Bey3ayat masalan?
How many times per day?	كَامُ مَرَّةً فِي الْيُوم ؟	Kam marra fel youm?
How long does it take for each feeding?	كُلُّ رَضَعَةٌ بِتَقْعُدْ قَدْ إِيه ؟	Koll rad3a beta23od 2ad eh?
Did your child sleep after feeding or did he cry?	بعد كُلُّ رَضَعَةً بِيْنَامْ وَلَا بِيْعَبِطُ ؟	Ba3d koll rad3a beynam wala bey3ayat?
Did your child sweat during feeding?	لَمَّا بِيرْضَعْ بِيعْرَقْ ؟	Lamma beyerdha3 bye3ra2?
Did you breastfed from both breasts?	بِيرْضَعْ مِنْ النَّاحِيْتِينُ ؟	Beyerdha3 men el na7yeteen?
Did your child defecate? How much?	بيعْمِلْ بُرَازُ وَلَّا لَا ؟ وَكُلِّ قَدْ إِيه ؟	Beya3mel boraz wala la? Wa koll 2ad eh?
Did your child's weight increase? How much?	وَزْنُهُ بِيَزِيدُ ؟ بِيَزِيدُ قَدْ ايه؟	Wazno byezeed? Byzeed 2ad eh?
Did you have any problems during breastfeeding? Not enough milk for example?	فِيهِ مُشْكِلَةٌ فِي الرِّضَاعَةُ ؟ مُش مِكْفَيَّةٌ مَثَلًا ؟	Fih moshkela fel radha3a? Mosh mekaffeya masalan?
If not (bottle-feeding)
Since when did you bottle-feed your child?	مِنْ امْتَى بِتَرْضَعِ صِنَاعِي ؟	Men emta betradha3y sena3y?
Why was your child bottle-fed?	إيه سَبَتْ إِنَّهَا تَرَضَعْ صِنَاعِي ؟	Eh sabab ennaha taradha3 sena3y?
How many times per day?	كَامُ مَرَّةً فِي اليوم ؟	Kam marra fel youm?
How much during each feed?	وَبِيْرِضُعْ قَدْ إِيهُ فِي الْمَرَّةُ الْوَاحِدَةُ ؟	Wa byerdha3 2ad eh fel marra el wa7da?
What type of milk?	ايه نوع اللبَنْ الْصِنَاعِي ؟	Eh no3 el laban el sena3y?
Did you give your child any other food other than milk, like vegetables, yogurt or others?	بَعْدِ كِدَةً بِنْدِيلُهُ أَيِّ أَكُلَ إِضَافِي مِثْلُ خُضَارٌ أَوْ زَبَادِي أَوْ حَاجَةً تَانِيَةً ؟	Ba3d keda bnedeylo ay akel edhafy mesl khodar aw zabady aw 7aga tanya?
Since when? (age of the child)	بَدَأَ فِطَامُ امْتَى ؟	Bada2 fetam emta?
Did your child take calcium or vitamins or other medicine?	بِيَأْخُدْ كَالْسِيُومْ أَوْ فِيْتَامِيْنَاتْ أَوْ أَدْوِيَةٌ ومَحَالِيل ؟	Bya3khod kalsiyom aw viteminat aw adweya w ma7aleel?
DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY
Mental
When did your child start smiling and laughing?	بَدَأْ بِضْحَكْ وَ يُلَاغِي اِمْتَى ؟	Bada2 byedhak wa yolaghy emta?
When did your child appear to know you; crying when separated or seeing a stranger?	بَدَأْ بِعْرَفِكُ امْتَى ؟ لَمَّا بِتَبْعِدِي بِبِعِيَّطْ ؟ لَمَا يَشُوفْ حَدْ غَرِيبٌ ؟	Bada2 ye3rafek emta? Lamma beteb3edy bibye3ayat? Lamma yashouf 7ad ghareeb?
Talking?
When was the first time your child pronounced a word?	بَدَأْ يَقُولُ حُرُوفٌ امْتَى ؟ يَتْكَلِمْ ؟	Bada2 yaqoul 7orouf emta? Yetkallem?
Motor
When was the first time your child attained head support?	حَضْرَتِكَ فَاكْرَةٌ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةً صَلَبْ فِيهَا رَأْسُهُ امْتَى ؟	7adretek fakra awwel marra salab fiha raso emta?
When was the first time your child sat with support? And without support?	امْتَى فَقَدْ وَ اِنْتِ سَانْدِهَا ؟ مِنْ غَيرُ مَا تِسْنِدِية ؟	Emta fa2ad wa enty sandaha? Men gheer ma tesnideeha?
When did your child start crawling? Standing? Walking with support and without support?	امْتَى ابْتَدَى يَحْي ؟ يُقَفْ ؟ يَمْشِي بِمُسَاعَدَةُ ؟ لِوَحْدُهُ ؟	Emta ebtada ya7by? Yo2af? Yemshy bemos3ada? Lewa7doh?
VACCINATION HISTORY
Did your child take his vaccines?	اتَّطْعَمْ ؟	Etata3am?
What kind of vaccine? Did he take 4 vaccines?	خد ايه ؟ خَدْ حُقْنَةٌ الطَّعَمُ الرُّبَاعِي ؟	Khad eh? Khad 7oqnet el ta3am el roba3y?
Did your child took as scheduled?	حد التَّطْعِيمَاتْ فِي مَوَاعِدْهَا ؟	Khad el tat3eemat fi mawa3edha?
When was the last vaccine taken?	أَخِرُ تَطْعِيمٌ كَانْ امْتَى ؟	Akher tat3eem kan emta?
PAEDIATRICS SHEETS - NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS
1. Marasmus (PERSONAL HISTORY / COMPLAINT & PRESENT HISTORY)
Did your child vomit persistently since early life?	بِرْجَعْ عَلَى طُولُ مِنْ سَاعَةً مَا توَلَدٌ ؟	Beraga3 3ala toul men sa3at ma etwalad?
Did your child become bluish or have difficulty in breathing during feeding?	هَلْ بِيَزْرَقْ أَوْ يَنْهَجْ مَعَ الْرِضَاعَةُ ؟	Hal byezra2 aw yenheg ma3 el radha3a?
Did your child have problems in micturation? Crying during micturation?	عَنْدُهُ أَيِّ مَشَاكِلْ فِي الْتَبُولُ ؟ بِعَيِّط لَمَّا بِيعْمِلْ بُولْ ؟	3ando ay mashakel fel tabawwol? Bey3ayat lamma beya3mel baoul?
Did your child cough a lot? Sweating during sleep or feverish?	بيك كثِيرٌ ؟ وَهُوَ نَائِمٍ تِلَاقِيَةً بِيَعْرَقْ وبيسْخَنْ ؟	Biykoh ketheer? Wa hwa nayem tela2eeh beye3ra2 wa byesakhan?
Did your child have recurrent infections?	بِيحِيلُهُ الْتِهَابَاتْ مُعَاوِيَةٌ كِثِيرٌ ؟	Beygeeloh eltehabat mo3aweya ketheer?
Did you breastfeed your child or bottle-feed? (Refer Dietetic History)	بِيرْضَعْ طَبِيعِي أَمْ صِنَاعِي ؟	Byerdha3 tabee3y am sena3y?
Did you give enough food to your child?	كِمِيَّةٌ وَجَبَاتٌ كَافِيَةٌ ؟	Kemeyet wajabat kafeya?
Did your child have any serious disease before this condition?	جَالُهُ مَرَضٌ شِدِيدٌ قَوِي قَبْلَ الْحِكَايَة دي ؟ اية ؟	Galoh marad shedeed awy 2abl el 7ekaya di? Eh?
Did your child have diarrhoea?	حَصَّبْ أَوْ حَالُهُ إِسْهَالُ شِدِيدٌ ؟	7assab aw galoh eshal shedeed?
Does your child cry a lot? maybe shows he is hungry?	بعِيِّطْ كِثِيرٌ ؟ بِتُحِسّيْ إِنَّهُ فَلْقَانُ وجَعَانُ ؟	Bey3ayat ketheer? Bethessey enno falqan wa ga3an?
What is the amount of his stool? Which	كميَة الْبُرَازُ بِتَاعْتُهُ قَدْ إِيه ؟ قُلَيْلَةً ؟	Kemeyat el boraz beta3toh 2ad eh? Qoleyla?
2. Kwashiorkor
Does your child have recurrent chest infections?	هَلْ بِيُجِيلُهُ الْتِهَابَاتُ رِئَوِيَهُ كِثِيرَةُ ؟	Hal beygeeloh eltehabat re2aweya keteera?
Does your child have fevers?	بِيُحِبْلُهُ سُحُونِيَّةٌ ؟	Biygeeloh sokhonneya?
Do your child's eyes appear yellowish? Does he have fevers or vomiting?	هَلْ لَا حِظْتِ إِنُو عِيْنِيهِ اصْفَرِتْ وِجَالُوهُ حَرَارَةً وَتَرْجِيع ؟	Hal lahezt eno 3eynayeh asfaret wa galoh harara wa targee3?
Did your child have difficulty in breathing or any palpitation on his chest?	هَلْ كَانَ بِيُجِيْلُهُ نَهَجَانُ عَلَى رَفْرَفَةً - القلب ؟	Hal kan beygeeloh nahgan 3ala rafrafat el alb?
What is the amount of your child's urine and its colour?	هَلْ حَسِّينِيْ إِنْ الْبُولُ قُلَيْلْ جِدًّا ؟ لُونْ الْبُولُ أَحْمَرُ ؟	Hal hasseity en el baoul qoleyl geddan? Lon el baoul a7mar?
Did your child have serious disease before this condition?	جَالُهُ مَرَضٌ شِدِيدٌ قَوِي قَبْلَ الْحِكَايَةُ دي ؟ ايه ؟	Galoh marad shedeed awy 2abl el 7ekaya di? Eh?
Do you breastfeed your child or is he bottle-fed? (Refer Dietetic History)	بِيرْضَعْ طَبِيعِي أَمْ صِنَاعِي ؟	Byerdha3 tabee3y am sena3y?
Did you give food (egg- yogurt-fish-meat) to your child?	بِيَأْخُدْ بِيضُ زَبَادِي - أَسْمَاكَ - - لُحُومٌ ؟	Bya3khod beid - zabady - asmak - lohoum?
Did your child have any skin rashes?	جَالُهُ طَفْحَ جِلْدِي ؟	Galoh taf7 geldy?
Does your child refuse to eat or play?	بيرفض الأكل واللعب ؟	Byerfod el akel wel la3eb?
Does your child have continuous diarrhoea?	هَلْ عِنْدَهُ إِسْهَالُ مُسْتَمِرُ ؟	Hal 3ando eshal mostamer?
Is your child's hair easily detached?	شَعْرُهُ بَهْتَانٌ وِ بِيَتَسَاقَتْ ؟	Sha3roh bahtan wa byetasaqat?
Did your child have recurrent chest infection? Cough?	هَلْ بِيَحِيلُهُ الْتِهَابَاتُ رِئَوِيَة كَثِيرَةُ ؟ بيك ؟	Hal beygeeloh eltehabat re2aweya keteera? Biykoh?
Did your child look pale?	هَلْ لَا حِظَتْ أَنْ لُوْنُهُ شَاحِبْ ؟	Hal lahezty ann lono shaheb?
3. Rickets
Does your child eat properly?	يَأْخُدُ بِيضُ - زَبَادِي - أَسْمَالُ - حُضْرَوَاتٌ - كِيدَهُ ؟	Ya3khod beid - zabady - asmak - khodarawat - keda?
Do you live on the ground floor? Does sunshine penetrate inside?	انْتُو سَاكْنِينَ فِي الدُورُ الْأَرْضِي ؟ الْأَرْضَةً بِتَعَتْهُ بِيدَّ خَلْهَا شَمسُ ؟	Ento sakneen fel dour el ardhy? El ardha beta3et'ha btedkholha shams?
Did you let your child be exposed to sunlight? When?	بِتِعْرَضَيهُ لِلْشَّمسُ ؟ اِمْتَى ؟	Bete3radeeho lel shams? Emta?
When did your child start dentition?	مَتَى بَدَأُ التَسْنِينَ وَعَنْدُهُ كَامْ سَنَةً دِالْوَقْتِي ؟	Mata bada2 el tasneen wa 3ando kam sana delwaqty?
Did you see any deformity in your child's body? In his hands, legs, or chest.	هَلْ يُوجَدْ تُقَوِّسٌ فِي أَيْدِهُ وِ رِجْلِيه ؟	Hal yougad taqawwos fi eedoh wa regleh?
Did your child sweat a lot? Whether during sleep or while awake.	هَلْ بِيُعْرِقْ كِثِيرُ ؟ يَعْنِي هُوَ نَاهِمْ أَوْ صَاحِي بِيبْقَى غَرْقَانَ فِي عَرْقَهُ ؟	Hal beye3ra2 ketheer? Ya3ny howa nayem aw sa7y beyb2a gharqan fi 3arqo?
Does your child have abdominal distension?	هَلْ لَا حَظَتْ انْتِفَاخُ بِالْبَطْنِ ؟	Hal lahezt entefakh bel batn?
Did your child have recurrent chest infection?	هَلْ بِيُجِيلُهُ الْتِهَابَاتْ رِئَوِيَة كَثِيرَةٌ ؟	Hal beygeeloh eltehabat re2aweya keteera?
Did your child have constipation? How many times per day did he defecate?	هَلْ عِنْدَهُ إِمْسَاكْ بِيعْمِلْ كَامْ مَرَّةً فِي الْيُومْ أَوْ ؟ بِيُغَيرْ كَامْ مَرَّةً ؟	Hal 3ando emsak beya3mel kam marra fel youm aw? Beyghayar kam marra?
Did your child ever have a broken arm or leg?	هَلْ رِحْلُهُ أَوْ إِيْدُهُ الْكَسَرَتْ ؟	Hal regloh aw eedoh enkasaret?
Did your child ever have any fits? If yes, how was it and what did you do?	هَلْ جَاتْلُهُ تَشَنُّحَاتْ ؟ شَكْلُهَا لِيَهُ وَ عَمَلتِي ايه ؟	Hal gathlo tashannogat? Shaklaha leih wa 3amalty eh?
Does your child micturate a lot? Does he drink a lot?	بيتبول كثِيرٌ ؟ شِرَبٌ مَيَةٌ كِثِيرٌ ؟	Byetbawel ketheer? Sherab mayya ketheer?
Does your child look yellowish in the eyes?	هَلْ جَاتْلُهُ صَفْرَا بِالْعِينُ ؟	Hal gatlo safra bel 3eyn?
Does your child have diarrhoea for a long period?	هَلْ عِنْدَهُ إِسْهَالُ مُؤْمِنُ مِنْ فَتْرَةٌ طَوِيلَةُ ؟	Hal 3ando eshal mozmen men fatra taweela?
4. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
ANTENATAL HISTORY • NATAL HISTORY • POSTNATAL HISTORY • DIETETIC HISTORY • DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY • VACCINATION HISTORY
CARDIOVASCULAR
1. Right Sided Heart Failure (Systemic Congestion Symptoms)
Did you notice oedema around your child's eyes or legs?	عِيْنِيهِ أَوْ رِجْلِيهُ ورَمِتْ ؟	3eyneh aw regleh weremet?
Does your child have any pain on the right side of his abdomen?	بيحِسٌ بِأَلَمْ فِي نِحَايَةٌ بِمِيْنَ بَطْنُهُ ؟	Bihes be alam fi nehayat yemeen batnoh?
Does your child have abdominal distension?	كَانَ بَطْنُهُ وَرَمِتْ ؟	Kan batno weremet?
Does your child have dyspepsia due to intestinal congestion?	كَانَ عِنْدَهُ عُسْرِ فِي الْهَضَمْ ؟ بِيَتْحَبْ بَعْدِ الْأَكَلْ ؟	Kan 3ando 3osr fel hadm? Byet3ab ba3d el akel?
Does your child appear yellowish? Or on his eyes?	كَانْ اصْفَرْ ؟ أَوْ عَيْنِيهُ اِصْفَرَةٌ ؟	Kan asfar? Aw 3eyneh esfarret?
2. Left Sided Heart Failure (Lung Congestion Symptoms)
Does your child have difficulty in breathing? Such as during feeding?	بِتَحِيلُه كَرْشَة نَفَسْ أَوْ نَهَجَانْ ؟ لَمَّا بِيَرْضَعْ بِينْحَجْ ؟	Betegeelo karshet nafas aw nahagan? Lamma beyerda3 beyenheg?
Does your child have a cough?	بِيْكُحْ ؟ فِيهِ بَلْغَمْ مَعَ الْكُحَه ؟	Biyekoh? Fih balgham ma3a el koha?
Does your child's cough come with blood?	بِيْكُحْ دَمْ ؟	Biyekoh dam?
Does your child sweat a lot during feeding?	لَمَّا بِيرْضَعْ بِيعْرَقْ ؟	Lamma beyerda3 beye3ra2?
Does your child have recurrent chest infections?	هَلْ عَنْدُهُ الْتِهَابِ رِأَوِي ؟ بِيتَكَرَرْ وَلَا لا ؟	Hal 3ando eltehab re2awy? Biytekarar wala la?
How many pillows does your child use during sleep (orthopnoea)?	بِيْنَامُ عَلَى كَامْ مِخَدَّةٌ ؟	Beynam 3ala kam makhadda?
Does your child suddenly wake up from sleep due to shortness of breath?	بِيْصَحَيْ مِنَ النَّوْمْ عَلَى كَرْشَةً نَفَسٌ أَوْ نَهَجَانُ ؟	Biyesa7a men el nom 3ala karshet nafas aw nahagan?
3. Low Cardiac Output Symptoms
Has your child ever fainted before?	أَعْمَى عَلَيْهِ قَبْلِ كِدَةً ؟	Oghma 3aleih 2abl keda?
Did your child convulse?	جَالُهُ تَشَنُحَاتْ قَبْلِ كِدَةً ؟	Galoh tashannogat 2abl keda?
Did he have dizziness?	بِيُجِيلُهُ صُدَاعْ ؟	Biygeeloh soda3?
Did he have blurring of vision?	كَانْ عَنْدُهُ زَغْلَالَةٌ ؟	Kan 3ando zaghlala?
What is the amount of your child's urine? Little?	بِيتُبُولْ كُوَيِّسْ أَوْ ؟ قُلَيِّلٌ ؟	Biytebawel kwayes aw? Qoleyl?
Does your child get fatigued easily when playing around with his friends?	بِيلْعَبْ مَعَ صِحَابُهُ عَادِي وَلَّا؟ بِيتَعَبْ لَمَّا بِيُحَصَلْ مَجْهُودٌ ؟	Beyel3ab ma3a sehabo 3ady wala? Byet3ab lamma beya7sal maghoud?
4. Cyanosis
Did your child appear bluish?	بِيَزْرَقْ ؟	Byezra2?
Did your child appear deeply bluish sometimes?	بتيجي عَلِيهُ أَوْقَاتٌ يَزْرَقْ جَامِدٌ ؟	Betegy 3aleih awqat yezra2 gamed?
Did your child convulse?	جَالُهُ تَشَنُّجَاتُ ؟	Galoh tashannogat?
Does your child sit in certain positions? Squatting?	يبْقَرْ فَصْ كِثِيرٌ ؟	Beyqarfas ketheer?
Was it associated with difficulty in breathing?	فيه مُشْكِلَةٌ فِي التَنَفُس ؟	Fih moshkela fel tanafos?
5. Rheumatic Activity Symptoms
Did your child have joint pain?	بِيحِيلُهُ أَلَمْ في المفاصل ؟	Beygeeloh alam fil mafasel?
Were his joints swollen and red?	مَفَاصِلُهُ وَرَمِتْ يَتَحَمَّرُ ؟	Mafasloh weremet w tethammar?
Did the joint pain prohibit him from moving?	الْوَجَعْ بِتَوْفَقُهُ عَنِ الحَرَكَة ؟	El waga3 betwa2afo 3an el haraka?
Did the pain migrate from one joint to another joint?	يتَنْتَقَلْ بِينَ المفاصل ؟	Byetentaqel bayna el mafasel?
6. Infective Endocarditis Symptoms
Did your child have pain in his chest? How?	فيه أَلَمْ فِي صَدْرُهُ ؟ لَوْ نَعَمْ إِنَّاي ؟	Fih alam fi sadro? Law na3am ezay?
Did your child convulse?	حَالُهُ تَشَنُّجَاتْ ؟	Galoh tashannogat?
Did your child have fever?	جَالُهُ سُخُونِيَّةٌ ؟	Galoh sokhonneya?
Did your child have skin rash?	هَلْ عَنْدُهُ طَفْحُ جِلْدِي ؟	Hal 3ando taf7 geldy?
Does your child see well?	هُوَ بِيَشُوفْ كُوَيِّسْ ؟	Howa beyeshouf kwayes?
What is the colour of your child's urine?	الْبُولُ لُوْنُهُ إِيه ؟	El baoul lono eh?
Did your child have weakness anywhere?	هَلْ عَنْدُهُ ضَعْفَ فِي أَيِّ مَكَانُ ؟	Hal 3ando da3f fi ay makan?
Did your child make some weird movements with his hands or legs or face?	هَلْ حَدَثَ لَهُ حَرَكَةً غِيرُ إِرَادِيَةً فِي ايدُ الْطِفْلِ أَوْ رِجْلُهُ أَوْ وِشُهُ ؟	Hal hadas laho haraka gheer eradeya fi eed el tefl aw reglo aw wesho?
Does your child have abdominal distension?	بَطْنَهُ بِيُكَبِرُ ؟	Batno byekbar?
Did you feel palpitation in your child's chest?	بِتُحِسِّيْ بِرَفْرَفَةً فِي صَدْرُهُ ؟	Bethessey brafrafa fi sadro?
Does your child have hypertension?	هَلْ عَنْدُهُ ضَغْطُ الدَمْ ؟	Hal 3ando daght el dam?
Did your child have headache?	بِتِجِي له صُدَاعْ ؟	Betegeelo soda3?
Did your child have blurring of vision?	عِينُهُ بِيزَغال ؟	3eyno byezaghal?
CHEST
1. Chest Symptoms
Did your child have a cough?	بِيحِيلُهُ كُحَةُ ؟	Biygeeloh koha?
Cough with expectoration?	الْكُحَةُ مَعَ بَلْغَمْ ؟	El koha ma3a balgham?
Cough with blood?	بيكُحُ الدَمُ ؟	Biykoh el dam?
Did your child have difficulty in breathing on exertion/ breastfeeding?	هَا بِيَنْهَجُ مَعَ الرِضَاعَةُ ؟ أَوْ مَعَ المجهود ؟	Hal beyenheg ma3 el radha3a? Aw ma3 el maghoud?
Did your child have recurrent chest infections?	مَا يُحِيلُهُ الْتِهَابَاتْ رِئَوِيَةٌ كَثِيرَةُ ؟	Ma beygeeloh eltehabat re2aweya keteera?
Did your child have night fever, night sweating, anorexia or recent weight loss?	بِيحِيلُهُ سُخُونِيَّةٌ بِالليل أَوْ بِيَعْرَقُ فِي الليل وَهُوَ نَايم ؟ مَا بِيَأْكُلُسْ كُوَيْسٌ وَ وَزْنُهُ تِقِلْ ؟	Beygeeloh sokhonneya bel leyl aw beye3ra2 fel leyl wa howa nayem? Ma bya3kolsh kwayes wa wazno te2el?
2. Left Sided Heart Failure Symptoms (refer Cardiology)
HAEMATOLOGY PROBLEMS
1. Low RBC Symptoms
Did your child look pale?	هَلْ لَا حَظِتْ إِنْ لُونُهُ شَاحِبْ جِدًّا ؟	Hal lahezet en lono shaheb geddan?
Did your child need blood transfusion?	يحْتَاجُ نَقْلِ الدَمْ ؟	Yehtag naql el dam?
Did your child appear yellowish?	هَلْ جَاتْلُهُ صَفْرَاءُ ؟	Hal gatlo safra?
2. Low WBC Symptoms
Did your child have diarrhoea? Vomiting?	هَلْ عَنْدُهُ إِسْهَالْ ؟ بِيَرْجَعْ ؟	Hal 3ando eshal? Beraga3?
Did your child have recurrent chest infection?	هَلْ بِيُحِيْلُهُ الْتِهَابَاتْ رِئَوِيَةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ ؟	Hal beygeeloh eltehabat re2aweya keteera?
Did your child have fever?	بِيُحِيْلُهُ سُخُونِيَّةٌ ؟	Biygeeloh sokhonneya?
3. Coagulation Defect (Bleeding Tendency Symptoms)
Did your child have bleeding from his nose?	بِيْحِيلُهُ نَزِيفٌ مِنَ المَنَاخِيرُ ؟	Biygeeloh nazeef men el manakheer?
Did your child vomit blood?	بِيرَجَعْ الدَمْ ؟	Beraga3 el dam?
Did your child cough with blood?	بِيكُ الدَمْ ؟	Biykoh el dam?
Is your child's stools mixed with blood?	هَلْ حَالُهُ نَزِيفٌ مَعَ البُرَازُ ؟	Hal galoh nazeef ma3 el boraz?
Did your child's urine become red?	هَلْ جَالُهُ نَزِيفٌ مَعَ الْبُولُ ؟	Hal galoh nazeef ma3 el baoul?
Did your child have any headaches? Faint? Convulsed? [Intracranial haemorrhage]	بيحِيلُهُ صُدَاعٌ أَوْ دُوْحَةً أَ يُسْقَط عَلَى الْأَرْضِ؟ تَشَنُّحَاتْ ؟	Biygeeloh soda3 aw dokha a yesqat 3ala el ard? Tashannogat?
4. Platelet Defect Symptoms
Did your child have red spots on his body? Or red patches?	هلْ ظَهَرَتْ نُقْطَةٌ حَمْرَاء ؟	Hal zaharet noqta hamra?
Did your child have headache? Fainted? Convulsed?	بيُجِيلُهُ صُدَاعُ أَوْ دُوحَةُ ؟ يُسْقَط عَلَى الْأَرْضِ تَشَنُّحَاتْ؟	Biygeeloh soda3 aw dokha? Yesqat 3ala el ard tashannogat?
5. Vascular Defect Symptoms
Where is the site of bleeding (special distribution)?	فِينُ الْأَمَاكِنُ اللي بِتَنْزِفُ ؟	Feen el amaken elly betenzef?
Did your child have pain in his abdomen?	عَنْدُهُ أَلَمْ فِي البَطْن ؟	3ando alam fil batn?
Did your child's urine become dark?	لُونُ غَامَقُ فِي البُولُ ؟	Lon ghameq fel baoul?
6. Malignancy Symptoms
Does your child have any swelling in the body (lymphadenopathy)?	عَنْدُهُ كَلَاكِيعُ في الجسم ؟	3ando kalakee3 fel gesm?
Did your child have abdominal distension?	انْتِفَاخُ فِي البَطْن ؟	Entefakh fel batn?
Did your child have joint pain?	بِيحِيلُهُ أَلَمْ فِي المَفَاصِل ؟	Biygeeloh alam fil mafasel?
HEPATOLOGY PROBLEMS
1. Hepatobiliary Symptoms
What is the colour of your child's urine?	لُونُ الْبُولُ بِتَعَتُهُ إِيه ؟	Lon el baoul beta3toh eh?
What is the colour of your child's stool?	لُونُ البُرَازُ بِتَعَتْهُ إِيه ؟	Lon el boraz beta3toh eh?
Did your child have itching?	عَنْدُهُ طَفْحُ جِلْدِي ؟	3ando taf7 geldy?
Did your child have fever?	بِيُجِيلُهُ سُخُونِيَّةٌ ؟	Biygeeloh sokhonneya?
Did your child have blood transfusion before?	عَمِلَتْ نَقْلِ الدَمْ قَبْلِ كِدَةُ ؟	3amalet naql el dam 2abl keda?
Did your child have abdominal pain?	عَنْدُهُ أَلَمْ فِي البَطْن ؟	3ando alam fil batn?
Did your child have abdominal distension?	انْتِفَاخُ فِي البَطْن ؟	Entefakh fil batn?
Did your child have bleeding anywhere?	بِيُحِيْلُهُ نَزِيفٌ مِنْ أَيِّ حِتَّةٌ ؟	Biygeeloh nazeef men ay hetta?
Did your child become unconscious before?	أَعْمَى عَلَيْهِ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Oghma 3aleih 2abl keda?
Did your child vomit blood?	بِيرَجَعْ الدَمْ ؟	Beraga3 el dam?
Did your child have swelling on the left side of the abdomen?	فيهِ وَرَمْ فِي بَطْنُهُ الْشِمَالُ ؟	Fih waram fi batnoh el shemal?
GASTROINTESTINAL PROBLEMS
1. Upper GIT Symptoms
Did your child vomit?	بيرجع ؟	Beraga3?
Did your child vomit blood?	بِيرَجَعُ الدم ؟	Beraga3 el dam?
Did your child eat well?	مَا بِيَأْكُلْ كُوَيَسْ ؟	Ma bya3kolsh kwayes?
Did your child feel nausea?	بِتُحِسّي إِنَّهُ نَفْسُهُ مَسْدُودَةً ؟	Bethessey eno nafso masdouda?
Did your child have difficulty in swallowing?	فِيهِ صُعُوبَةٌ لَمَّا بِتِبْلَعْ ؟	Fih so3ouba lamma betebla3?
2. Lower GIT Symptoms
Did your child have constipation?	بِيُحِيْلُهُ إِمْسَاكُ ؟	Biygeeloh emsak?
Did your child have diarrhoea?	بيسها ؟	Byeshel?
Was your child's stools mixed with blood?	كَانَ فِيهِ لُونْ غَامِقٌ فِي بُرَازُ ؟	Kan fih lon ghameq fi boraz?
Did your child have abdominal distension?	كَانُ عَنْدُهُ انْتِفَاخُ فِي بَطْنُهُ ؟	Kano 3ando entefakh fi batnoh?
Did your child have abdominal pain?	فِيهِ أَلَمْ فِي بَطْنُهُ ؟	Fih alam fi batnoh?
NEPHROLOGY PROBLEMS
1. Renal Symptoms
What is the amount of your child's urine?	كمِيَّةٌ بُولُ قَدْ إِيه ؟	Kemeyat baoul 2ad eh?
Did your child cry during micturation?	يُعَيَّطُ لَمَّا بِيَعْمِلْ بُولْ ؟	Ye3ayat lamma beya3mel baoul?
Is there any change of colour in your child's urine?	فِيهِ تَغْيِيرُ فِي لُونُ بُولٌ ؟	Fih taghyeer fi lon baoul?
Did your child's urine contain blood?	فيه دَمُ فِي البُولُ ؟	Fih dam fil baoul?
Did your child have hypertension?	عَنْدُهُ ضَغْط الدم ؟	3ando daght el dam?
Did your child have oedema? Progressive or regressive? Where does it start and end?	حَسَّيتُ وَرَمُ فِي جِسْمُهُ ؟ بِتْقِلْ وَلَا بتزيدُ ؟ بَدَأُ فِينْ ؟ إِنْتَهَى فِينْ ؟ بِيَمْشِي إِزاي ؟ هَلْ بِيَظْهَرْ فِي أَوْقَاتْ معينة ؟	Hasseity waram fi gesmo? Bet2el wala betzeed? Bada2 feen? Entaha feen? Beyemshy ezay? Hal beyzhar fi awqat mo3ayana?
NEUROLOGY PROBLEMS
1. Down Syndrome
Ask for mental and motor development milestones (Refer Developmental History)	مَتَى بَدَأْ يَبْتَسَمْ - يَعْرَفِكُ - يَصْلُبْ رأسه - يجلس ؟	Mata bada2 yebtesem - ya3rafek - yaslob raso - yegles?
When did your child's teeth start to erupt?	مَتَى بَدَأُ التَسْنِينُ ؟	Mata bada2 el tasneen?
Did your child grow up well or did it seem slow?	بِيكْبَرْ كُوَيِّسٌ وَلَا حَاسَهُ إِنْ نِمُوهُ بطيئ ؟	Beykbar kwayes wala hasa en nomowah batee2?
Did you see your child's belly distended from early life?	هَلْ بَطْنُهُ مَنْفُوخُ بِاسْتِمْرَارُ ؟	Hal batnoh manfoukh bestmerar?
Did you notice that your child's face was different from his siblings?	هَلْ لَا حَظَتْ أَنْ مَلَامُحُهُ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ عَنْ إِخْوَتُهُ ؟	Hal lahezt ann malamhho mokhtalefa 3an ekhwato?
Did your child have any chest infections? Cough? Expectoration? Fever?	يُحِيلُهُ الْتِهَابَاتْ عَلَى صَدْرُهُ وَ كُحَةٌ و بَلْغَمْ وِ حَرَارَةُ ؟ عِمَلْتِ إِيه ؟	Beygeeloh eltehabat 3ala sadro wa koha wa balgham wa harara? 3amalty eh?
Did your child have difficulty in breathing?	بِيْحِيلُهُ نَهَجَانُ ؟	Beygeeloh nahagan?
Did your child sweat a lot during breastfeeding or have difficulty in breathing during playing?	بيعرف كبير مَعَ الرَّضَاعَةُ ؟ أَوْ صُعُوبَةٌ فِي بَذِلُّ الْمَجْهُودُ ؟	Beye3ra2 ketheer ma3 el radha3a? Aw so3ouba fi bazl el maghoud?
Did your child micturate a lot? And drink a lot?	بيتبول كثِير؟ شَرَبٌ مَيَةٌ كَثِيرٌ ؟	Byetbawel ketheer? Sherab mayya ketheer?
Did your child have a fever? Skin rash? Or bleeding that needed blood transfusion?	ينحيلة سخونية ؟ طَفْحُ جِلْدِي ؟ نَزِيفَ احْتَاجُ نَقْلِ الدَمْ ؟	Beygeeloh sokhonneya? Taf7 geldy? Nazeef ehtag naql el dam?
2. Hydrocephalus
Ask for perinatal history in details (Refer Perinatal History)	كَانَتْ الْوِلَادَةُ صَعْبَةُ احْتَاجُ شَفَطْ ؟	Kanet el welada sa3ba ehtag shafat?
Did your child choke during feeding?	هَلْ بِشَرَفْ مِنْكَ فِي الرِضَاعَةُ ؟	Hal byeshra2 menek fel radha3a?
Did your child have chest infections?	هَلْ بِيُحِيْلُهُ الْتِهَابَاتْ رِئَوِيَةٌ ؟	Hal beygeeloh eltehabat re2aweya?
Does your child move normally with his hands and legs?	هَلْ بِيْحَرَكْ أَيْدِيهُ وِ رِجْلُهُ كُوَيِّس ؟	Hal beyharak eedeeh wa regloh kwayes?
Did you notice any spasticity in his limbs?	هَلْ لا حظتْ أَنُو مِخْشَبْ جِسْمُهُ ؟	Hal lahezt eno mekhashab gesmo?
Did you notice any delay in your child's motor and mental milestones?	هَلْ لا حَظتْ أَنُو مُتَأَخَرُ ؟ بِيَبْتِسِمْ يعرفك - يَصْلُبْ رَأْسُهُ - يَجْلِسُ - التسنين ؟	Hal lahezt eno mota2akher? Beyebtesem - ya3rafek - yaslob raso - yegles - el tasneen?
Did you notice any delay in your child's physical development?	هَلْ لَا حَظَتْ إِنُو مُتَأَخَرُ فِي النُّمُو ؟	Hal lahezt eno mota2akher fin nomow?
3. Cerebral Palsy
Ask for perinatal history in detail (Refer Perinatal History)	كَانَتْ الْوِلَادَةُ صَعْبَةٌ اِحْتَاجُ شَفَطْ ؟	Kanet el welada sa3ba ehtag shafat?
Ask for mental and motor development milestones (Refer Developmental History)	مَتَى بَدَأَ يَبْتَسَمْ - يَعْرَفَكُ - يَصْلُبْ راسَة - يجلس ؟	Mata bada2 yebtesem - ya3rafek - yaslob raso - yegles?
Does your child move normally with his hands and legs?	هَلْ بِيْحَرَكَ ايْدِيهُ وِ رِحْلُهُ كُوَيِّس ؟	Hal beyharak eedeeh wa regloh kwayes?
Did your child have convulsions?	بِيُجِيلُهُ تَشَنُّحَاتْ ؟	Beygeeloh tashannogat?
Can your child see and hear well? Does he have a squint?	يسُوفُ وِ يَسْمَعُ كُوَيْسُ ؟	Yeshouf wa yesma3 kwayes?
Does your child have abnormal movements when lying on bed?	عَنْدُهُ حَرَكَةٌ مُسْتَمِرَةٌ وَهُوَ نَائِمْ فِي السرير ؟	3ando haraka mostamerra wa howa nayem fel sereer?
Does your child choke during feeding?	هَلْ بِيُشَرَقْ مِنَّكُ فِي الرِضَاعَةُ ؟	Hal byeshra2 menek fel radha3a?
Did your child have chest infections? Fever and cough?	هَلْ بِيُجِيلُهُ الْتِهَابَاتُ رِئَوِيَةُ ؟ بِيُجِيلُهُ سُخُونِيَّةٌ و كُحَةٌ ؟	Hal beygeeloh eltehabat re2aweya? Beygeeloh sokhonneya wa koha?
Did your child have bed sores?	هَلْ جَاتْلُهُ قُرْحَ فَرَاسٌ ؟	Hal gatlo qor7et ferash?
Did your child grow up well?	بِيكْبَرُ كُوَيس ؟	Beykbar kwayes?

Doctor & Patient Dialogue Examples

Scenario 1: Assessing Malnutrition (Marasmus)
Dr: Did your child vomit persistently since early life? (بِرْجَعْ عَلَى طُولُ مِنْ سَاعَةً مَا توَلَدٌ ؟)
Pt: Yes, he throws up a lot of his feeds.
Dr: Does your child cry a lot? maybe shows he is hungry? (بعِيِّطْ كِثِيرٌ ؟)
Pt: Yes, he is constantly crying and wanting more milk.

Scenario 2: Congenital Cyanosis
Dr: Did your child appear bluish? (بِيَزْرَقْ ؟)
Pt: Yes, around his lips mostly.
Dr: Does your child sit in certain positions? Squatting? (يبْقَرْ فَصْ كِثِيرٌ ؟)
Pt: Yes, he squats down often when he is playing.

Scenario 3: Rickets
Dr: Did you let your child be exposed to sunlight? When? (بِتِعْرَضَيهُ لِلْشَّمسُ ؟ اِمْتَى ؟)
Pt: Only occasionally in the late afternoon.
Dr: Did you see any deformity in your child's body? (هَلْ يُوجَدْ تُقَوِّسٌ فِي أَيْدِهُ وِ رِجْلِيه ؟)
Pt: I noticed a slight bowing in his legs.

Scenario 4: Upper Gastrointestinal Assessment
Dr: Did your child have difficulty in swallowing? (فِيهِ صُعُوبَةٌ لَمَّا بِتِبْلَعْ ؟)
Pt: Yes, he refuses to eat solid food and cries when trying to swallow.
Dr: Did your child vomit? (بيرجع ؟)
Pt: Yes, almost immediately after trying to eat.

Scenario 5: Haematology / Bleeding Tendency
Dr: Did your child have bleeding from his nose? (بِيْحِيلُهُ نَزِيفٌ مِنَ المَنَاخِيرُ ؟)
Pt: Yes, it happens randomly without any trauma.
Dr: Did your child have red spots on his body? (هلْ ظَهَرَتْ نُقْطَةٌ حَمْرَاء ؟)
Pt: I've noticed small red dots appearing on his arms and chest recently.

Scenario 6: Right Sided Heart Failure Symptoms
Dr: Did you notice oedema around your child's eyes or legs? (عِيْنِيهِ أَوْ رِجْلِيهُ ورَمِتْ ؟)
Pt: Yes, his ankles seem a bit puffy in the evenings.
Dr: Does your child have any pain on the right side of his abdomen? (بيحِسٌ بِأَلَمْ فِي نِحَايَةٌ بِمِيْنَ بَطْنُهُ ؟)
Pt: He complains of a stomachache right there when I press lightly on his belly.

👶 Obstetrics & Gynaecology (O&G)

Full O&G chapter: General history, Personal history (Gravidity/Parity), Complaints, Present history (Obstetrics & Gynaecology), Menstrual History, Obstetrics History, Past & Family History, plus complete Obstetric and Gynaecology case work-ups.

General History in Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Generally, history taking in Obstetrics and Gynaecology includes:

a) Personal history* with additional points as below
b) Complaints*
c) Present history*
d) Menstrual History
e) Obstetrics History
f) Past History*
g) Family History*

*For details, refer to General History Taking.

Personal History (additional points)

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
Gravidity & Parity
Number of pregnancies	حَمِلْتِ كَامٌ مَرَّةً قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	7amilti kam mara abli keda?
Number of deliveries	ولِدْتِ كَامْ مَرَّةً قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Weledti kam mara abli keda?
Living children	مَعَاكِ كَامْ عَيْل ؟	Ma3aki kam 3ayel?

Complaint

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
1. Obstetrics Complaints
Routine ante natal care	عَمَلْتِي مُتَابَعَةِ الْحَمْل	3amalti motab3et el 7aml
Ante partum hemorrhage	عَنْدِي نِزِيفٌ (مِنْ تَحْتِ)	3andy nezif (min ta7t)
Hypertension with pregnancy	عَندِي الضَغْط عالي	3andy el daght 3aly
Diabetes with pregnancy	عَنْدِي سُكَرْ	3andy sokar
Heart disease with pregnancy	عَنْدِي مَرَضَ الْقَلْبِ	3andy marad el alb
Rh incompatibility with pregnancy	أَنَا سَالِبٌ Rh وَجُوزِى مُوجَبْ	Ana salib Rh wa gozi mogab
Previous Cesarean section (CS)	أَنَا حَامِلٌ وِعَامْلَهُ قَيْصَرِيَّة قَبْلِ كِدَةً	Ana 7amel w 3amla aysareya abli keda
2. Gynaecology Complaints
Bleeding	نَازِلْ نِزِيفٌ بِاسْتِمْرَارُ	Nazel nezif bestimrar
Infertility	مَبَخَلَّفْش	Maba5alafsh
Amenorrhoea	الدورة محتش	El dawra magatsh
Genital prolapsed	عَنْدِي سُقُوطٌ فِي بِيتُ الوَلَدْ	3andy soqoot fi beit el walad
Pelvic abdominal swelling	انْتِفَاخُ فِي الْبَطْنِ	Entifa5 fil batn

Present History — Obstetrics

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
1. Calculate weeks of pregnancy & expected date of delivery (EDD)
1st day of the last menstrual period (LMP)	أول اليوم فِي أَخِرْ دَوْرَةٌ كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟	Awal yom fi a5er dawra kan emta?
2. 1st Trimester of Pregnancy (أول ثلاثة شهور)
Have you experienced excessive nausea & vomiting?	فِيه فِي مُسْتَمِرُ ، بِيرْجَعْ كِثِيرٌ ؟	Fih qay' mostamer, beyerga3 keteer?
Did you have vaginal bleeding?	فيه نِزِيفٌ مَهْبَلِي مِنْ تَحْتِ) ؟	Fih nezif mahbali (min ta7t)?
3. 2nd Trimester of Pregnancy
When did you feel the 1st perception of fetal movement?	حسيتِي بِحَرَكَةِ الطِّفْلِ أَوَّلُ مَرَّةً كَانْ إمتى ؟	7aseyti bi 7araket el tefl awal mara kan emta?
How many times (movement) per day?	بِيتْحَرَّكْ كَامْ مَرَّةً فِي الْيُومُ ؟	Biyet7arak kam mara fil yom?
Did you feel diminished fetal movement?	هَلْ قَلَّتْ حَرَكَةِ الطَّفْل ؟	Hal alet 7araket el tefl?
4. Warning symptoms
Do you have excessive headaches?	هَلْ عَنْدِكْ صُدَاعٌ مُسْتَمِرُ ؟	Hal 3andek soda3 mostamer?
Do you have excessive blurring of vision?	هَلْ عَنْدِكْ زَغْلَلَةٌ شِدِيدَةٌ ؟	Hal 3andek zaghlala shedida?
Do you have epigastric pain?	فِيهِ أَلَمْ فِي أَعْلَى بَطْنِكْ ؟	Fih alam fi a3la batnek?
Do you have vaginal discharge?	فِيهِ إِفْرَازَاتْ مَهْبَلِيَّة (زَيِّ الْمَيَّة) ؟	Fih efrazat mahbaleya (zay el maya)?
Do you have oedema of the lower limb or of any other area? (face & hand)	فيه وَرَمْ فِي رِجْلِكَ وَلَا فِي أَيِّ حِتَّةٌ ثَانِيَة ؟	Fih waram fi reglek wala fi ay heta tanya?
5. Analysis of Specific Complaint
(refer to specific Obstetrics case below)
6. Investigation & Management
Did you do any investigations?	عَمَلُوا لِكْ أَيِّ أَشَعَاتْ وَلا فُحُوصَاتْ ؟	3amalo leki ay ashe3at wala fo7osat?
Ultrasound, CT scan	سُونَارُ ، صُورَةٌ مَقْطَعِيَّةٌ	Sonar, soura maqta3eya
Blood & urine test, Liver function test	تَحْلِيلُ الدَّمْ ، تَحْلِيلُ البُولْ وَظَائِف الكبد.	Ta7lil el dam, ta7lil el baul, waza2ef el kebd.
What is the result?	وَكَانَتْ النَّتِيجة إيه ؟	W kanet el nateega eih?
Do you take any medications?	هَلْ بِتَأْخْذِي أَيِّ أَدْوِيَّةٌ ؟	Hal bta5di ay adweya?
What is it for?	عَشَانُ إِنَّهُ ؟	3ashan eno?
What is the type?	وَنُوعْهَا إِيه ؟	W no3ha eih?
What is the plan of management?	نَاوِبِينَ يَعْمِلُوا لِكُ إِيه ؟	Naweyeen ye3melolek eih?
What is the estimated time and mode of delivery?	نَاوِبِينَ يُولِدُوكِي إِمْتَى وَإِنَّاي ؟	Naweyeen ywaledouky emta w ezzay?
7. Symptoms of Other Systems
(refer to General History Taking)

Present History — Gynaecology

Analysis of the complaint
Associated Symptoms, Complications & Possible Etiology
Investigation & Management
Symptoms of Other Systems

Menstrual History

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
When was the first time you had your menstruation?	أَوَّلْ مَرَّةً جَاتْلِكْ دَوْرَةٌ كَانِتْ إِمْتَى ؟	Awal mara gatlek dawra kanet emta?
What was your age?	كَانْ عَنْدِكْ كَامْ سَنَةً ؟	Kan 3andek kam sana?
Is it regular or not?	الدَّوْرَةُ مُنْتَظِمَةً وَلا لا ؟ (إِتْلَخْبَطْ)	El dawra montazema wala la? (etla5bat)
What is the length of your cycle?	بِتِيجِي كُلِّ كَامْ يُومٌ ؟	Beteegi kol kam yom?
What is the duration of your cycle?	بِتَقُعْدَ عَلِيكِي كَامْ يُومٌ ؟	Beto23od 3aleyki kam yom?
How about the amount?	كمِّيتهَا قَدِّ إِيه ؟	Kamiyetha ad eih?
How many times do you change your pad per day?	بِتُغَيِّرُ كَامْ مَرَّةً فِي اليوم ؟	Btoghayari kam mara fil yom?
Scanty	قلَيْلَةٌ ، بَسِيطٌ ، نُقَطْ دَمْ بَسْ	Alela, baseet, no2at dam bas
Average	عَادِيَةٌ ، مَعْقُولَة	3adeya, ma32oula
Excessive	كتير	Keteer
Do you have dysmenorrhoea?	هَلْ يُوحَدْ أَلَمْ قَبْلِ أَو أَثْنَاءِ الدَّوْرَةُ ؟	Hal yougad alam abli aw asnaa el dawra?
Do you have intermenstrual pain?	كَانَ عَنْدِكَ أَلَمْ فِي نِصْفِ الدَّوْرَةُ ؟	Kan 3andek alam fi nesf el dawra?
Do you have intermenstrual bleeding?	كَانَ عَنْدِكَ اليَزِيفُ فِي نِصْفِ الدَّوْرَةُ بين الدَّوْرَةُ والدَوْرَةُ اللَّى بَعْدَهَا ) ؟	Kan 3andek nezif fi nesf el dawra (bein el dawra w el dawra elly ba3daha)?
Do you have intermenstrual discharge?	كَانَ عَنْدِكْ إِفْرَازَاتْ فِي نِصْفِ الدَّوْرَة ؟	Kan 3andek efrazat fi nesf el dawra?
When was your first day of your last menstrual period?	أَوَّل يُومٌ فِي أَخِرِ الدَّوْرَةُ كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟	Awal yom fi a5er dawra kan emta?

Obstetrics History

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
1. Obstetric Code
How many living children do you have?	كَامْ عَيِّلَ عَابِسٌ مَعَاكِي ؟	Kam 3ayel 3ayesh ma3aki?
Did you have any abortions before?	سَقَطْتِ قَبْلِ كِدَةً ؟	Sa2ati abli keda?
How many times?	كَامْ مَرَّةً ؟	Kam mara?
Have you experienced any preterm deliveries?	حَدٌ إِثْوِلِدْ قَبْلِ تِسْعَ شُهُورٌ ؟	7ad etwalad abli tes3a shohour?
How many full term deliveries did you have?	كَمْ الْحَمْلِ كَمِّلْ تِسْعَ شُهُورٌ ؟	Kam el 7aml kamel tes3a shohour?
2. Obstetric Table
How many times have you gotten pregnant?	حَمِلْتِ كَامْ مَرَّةً ؟	7amilti kam mara?
Can you mention the date of each pregnancy in chronological order?	الْحَمْلِ الأَوَّلُ كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟ الثَّانِي ؟	El 7aml el awal kan emta? El tany?
What was the duration for each pregnancy?	الْحَمْلِ كَمِّلْ وَلَا قَبْلِ تِسْعَ شُهُورٌ ؟	El 7aml kamel wala abli tes3a shohour?
Did you have any complications or disorders during pregnancy?	فيه أَي مُضَاعَفَاتْ أَوْ مُشْكِلاتْ أَثْنَاءِ الْحَمْل ؟	Fih ay modaa3afat aw moshkelat asnaa el 7aml?
Bleeding	فية نزيف ؟	Fih nezif?
Hypertension	عَنْدِكَ ضَغْط عَالِي ؟	3andek daght 3aly?
Preeclampsia	عَنْدِكَ تَسَمُّمْ حَمْل ؟ (زُلالْ فِي الْبُولُ)	3andek tasamom 7aml? (zolal fil baul)
Diabetes	عَنْدِكَ سُكَّرْ ؟	3andek sokar?
Urinary tract infection	عنْدِكَ الْتِهَابُ الْكِلَى (مَجْرَى الْبُولُ) ؟	3andek eltehab el kela (magra el baul)?
Mode & place of delivery
How did you deliver? Normal or by Caesarean section?	بِتُوِلْدِي إِنَّاي ؟ طَبِيعِي وَلا قَيْصَرِى ؟	Btweldi ezzay? Tabe3y wala aysary?
Where did you deliver?	وَلَدْتِي فِينْ ؟	Welidti fein?
At hospital or at home?	فِي الْمُسْتَشْفَى وَلَا فِي الْبِيتُ ؟	Fil mostashfa wala fil beit?
What was the outcome? Boy or girl?	وَلَدْ وَلَا بِنْت ؟	Walad wala bent?
Any abnormalities?	كُوَيْسِينٌ وَلَا إِيه ؟ فِيه عِيبٌ خَلْقِيَّة ؟	Kwayeseen wala eih? Fih 3eeb khalqeya?
Did your child have history of neonatal jaundice?	جَالُهُ صَفْرَاءُ فِي عِينُهُ)	Galo safra fi 3einoh?
Did you have any intrauterine deaths or still births? During which month?	بَعْدِ حَدْ تُوَفَّي (مَاتْ) أَثْنَاءِ الْحَمْلِ وَلَا وِلَادَةُ ؟ وَفِي شَهْرِ كَامٌ ؟	7ad twafa (mat) asnaa el 7aml wala welada? W fi shahr kam?
Did you have any neonatal deaths?	حَدْ تُوَفِّي (بِيْمُوتُ بَعْدِ وِلَادَةً ؟	7ad twafa (beymout) ba3d el welada?
How about your puerperium?	النَّفَاسُ إِنَّاي ؟	El nefas ezzay?
Did you get puerperal sepsis?	حَتْلِكَ حُمَّى نِفَاسٌ ؟	Gatlek 7oma nefas?
Did you have post partum haemorrhage?	فِيه نِزِيفٌ بَعْدِ الْوِلَادَةُ ؟	Fih nezif ba3d el welada?
Did you breastfeed your child or not?	بِترَضَّعِي طَبِيعِي وَلَا صِنَاعِي ؟	Btradha3i tabe3y wala sena3y?
For how long?	؟ لِمُدَّةً قَد إيه	Lemodet ad eih?
If not, why?	لَوْ لا ليه ؟ ,	Law la leih?
Did you use any methods of contraception?	إِسْتَخْدِمْتِي وَسِيلَةٌ لِمَنْعِ الْحَمْل	Esta5demti wasila leman3 el 7aml?
What is the type?	نوعها إيه ؟	No3ha eih?
IUD or pills?	لَوْلَبْ وَلَا بَرْشَامْ ؟	Lawlab wala barsham?
For how long?	لِمُدَّةً قَد إيه ؟	Lemodet ad eih?
Why did you stop?	وَقَفْتِ ليه ؟	Waafti leih?
Did you have any complications?	حَصَلَ أَيِّ مَشَاكِلٌ ؟	Hasal ay mashakel?
When was your last delivery?	أَخِرْ وِلَادَةٌ كَانَتْ إِمْتَى ؟	A5er welada kanet emta?
How many times have you had an abortion?	سَقَطْتِي كَامْ مَرَّةً ؟	Sa2ati kam mara?
When was your last abortion?	أَخِرْ سَقَط كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟	A5er sa2t kan emta?
What was the duration of pregnancy before you had the abortion?	سَقَطْتِي فِي كَامٌ شَهْرٍ ؟	Sa2ati fi kam shahr?
What was the mode of abortion? Spontaneous or induced?	سَقَطْتِي لِوَحْدِكْ وَلا رَحْتِي لِدُكْتُورٌ ؟	Sa2ati lewa7dek wala ro7ti ledoktor?
Did you have a surgical evacuation following the abortion?	عَمَلْتِي عَمَلِيَّةٌ تَنْظِيفُ أَوْ تَفْرِيغْ بَعْدُهُ ؟	3amalti 3amaleyet tanzif aw tafrigh ba3doh?
Did you have post abortive complications like bleeding or sepsis?	نزِلْ عَلِيكِي دَمْ وَلَا إِفْرَزَاتٌ بَعْدِ السقط ؟	Nazel 3aleyki dam wala efrazat ba3d el sa2t?

Past History

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
Did you have any medical disorders? (hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, heart diseases etc)	بتعَالِجِي مِنْ ضَغْطِ أَوْ سُكَرْ أَوْ القَلْبِ أَوْ أَيِّ حَاجَةً ثَانِيَةً ؟	Btet3algi min daght aw sokar aw alb aw ay 7aga tanya?
Have you had any operations before?	عَمَلْتِي أَيِّ عَمَلِيَّاتٌ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ	3amalti ay 3amaleyat abli keda?
Did you take any medication?	بِتَخْذِي عِلاجٌ أَوْ أَدْوِيَّةٌ أَوْ هُرْمُونَاتْ لِأَيِّ سَبَبْ ؟	Bta5di 3elag aw adweya aw hormonat le ay sabab?
Do you have allergies to any medication?	عَنْدِكَ حَسَاسِيَّةٌ لِأَيِّ أَدْوِيَّةٌ ؟	3andek 7asaseya le ay adweya?

Family History

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
Is there any similar condition in the family?	حَدْ فِي الْعِيلَةُ عَنْدُهُ نَفْسِ الْحِكَايَةُ (الشَّكْوَى) ؟	7ad fil 3eila 3ando nafs el 7ekaya (el shakwa)?
Is there any medical disorder in the family? (hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, heart diseases)	حَدْ فِي الْعَايْلَةُ عَنْدُهُ السُكَّرْ أَوْ الضغط أَوْ القَلْب ؟	7ad fil 3ayla 3ando el sokar aw el daght aw el alb?
Are there any twins in the family?	حَدْ فِي الْعَايْلَةُ بِيَخْلِفُوا تَوْأَمْ ؟	7ad fil 3ayla biy5alefo taw2am?
Are you and your husband related?	إِنْتِ وَجُوزِكْ قَرَابِبٌ ؟	Enty w gozek arayeb?

⬥ Obstetric Cases

Ante Partum Haemorrhage

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
I am pregnant and I have vaginal bleeding.	أَنَا حَامِلَ وَعَنْدِي نِزِيفٌ مِنْ تَحْت)	Ana 7amel w 3andy nezif (min ta7t)
How long have you been pregnant?	حَضْرَتِكَ حَامِلَ فِي كَامٌ شَهْرٍ ؟	Hadretek 7amel fi kam shahr?
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Calculate weeks of pregnancy & expected date of delivery (EDD)
2. When was your 1st day of the last menstrual period (LMP)	أَول يُومٌ فِي أَخِرُ الدَّوْرَةُ كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟	Awal yom fi a5er dawra kan emta?
3. Review of Three Trimesters of Pregnancy (refer General History in O&G)
4. Analysis of the Complaint
How could you have vaginal bleeding?	إِنَّايَ جَالِكُ النَّزِيفُ ؟	Ezzay galek el nezif?
Is it spontaneous or after a trauma or after sexual intercourse?	لِوَحْدِهُ وَلَا بَعْدِ خَبْطَةً وَلَا بَعْدِ عَلَاقَةً زَوْجِيَّةٌ ؟	Lewa7do wala ba3d 5abta wala ba3d 3alaka zawgeya?
Is it continuous or intermittent?	هَلْ النَّزِيفُ مُسْتَمِرُ وَلَا مِثْقَطَّعْ ؟	Hal el nezif mostamer wala met2ata3?
How long have you been complaining of the condition?	بَقَالُهُ قَدِّ إِيهُ النِزِيفُ دَهُ ؟	Ba2alo ad eih el nezif dah?
What is the amount of the bleeding?	كمِّيَّة الدَمْ قَد إيه ؟	Kameyet el dam ad eih?
Spotting or excessive?	نُقَط وَلَا كِثِيرٌ ؟	No2at wala keteer?
Are there any blood clots?	هَلْ فِيهِ كَلاكِيعْ دَمْ ؟	Hal fih kalakee3 dam?
What is the colour of the blood? Bright red or dark red?	لُونُ الدَّمْ إِيه ؟ أَحْمَرُ فَاتِحْ وَلَا غَامِقٌ ؟	Lon el dam eih? A7mar fate7 wala ghameq?
5. Associated Symptoms
Is it painful?	كَانْ فِيهِ أَلَمْ مَعَ النَّزِيفَ ؟	Kan fih alam ma3 el nezif?
Where is the site of pain? Where does it radiate to?	إِلا لَمْ فِينْ ؟ وبِيسَمَعْ فِينْ ؟	El alam fein? W biysama3 fein?
What is the type/character of the pain?	شَكْلُهُ إِنَّاي ؟	Shaklo ezzay?
What is the precipitating factor?	وإِيَّهُ اللَّي بِيَزَوِّدُهُ ؟	W eih elly biyzawedo?
Do you have any other symptoms which comes with the condition? (Preeclampsia)	هَلْ فِيهِ أَيِّ أَعْرَاضٍ ثَانِيَةً بِبِيحِي مَعَهُ	Hal fih ay a3rad tanya bteegy ma3ah?
Persistent headache	صُدَاعُ مُسْتَمِرٌ	Soda3 mostamer
Persistent blurring of vision	زَغْلَلَةٌ مُسْتَمِرَةٌ	Zaghlala mostamera
Persistent vomiting	فِي مُسْتَمِرُ	Qay' mostamer
Heartburn	أَلَمْ فِي أَعْلَى الْمِعْدَةُ	Alam fi a3la el me3da
Is the fetal movement normal? Before and after the bleeding?	الْعَيِّل (الطِفْل) بِيلْعَبْ كُوَيِّسْ ؟ قَبْلِ النزيف ؟ وبَعْدِهِ ؟	El 3ayel (el tefl) biyl3ab kwayes? Abli el nezif? W ba3doh?
Lower limb oedema	وَرَمْ فِي رِجْلِكْ	Waram fi reglek
6. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
7. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Hypertension With Pregnancy

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
I am pregnant and I have hypertension	أَنَا حَامِلٌ وعَنْدِي الضغط (العالي)	Ana 7amel w 3andy el daght (el 3aly)
How long have you been pregnant?	بَقَالِكَ قَدْ إِيهُ حَامِلٌ ؟	Ba2alek ad eih 7amel?
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Calculate weeks of pregnancy & expected date of delivery (EDD)
2. When was your 1st day of the last menstrual period (LMP)	أَوَّلْ يُومٌ فِي أَخِرْ دَّوْرَةً كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟	Awal yom fi a5er dawra kan emta?
3. Review of Three Trimesters of Pregnancy (refer General History in O&G)
4. Analysis of the Complaint
Do you have hypertension before or during pregnancy?	عنْدِكْ الضَغْط (العَالِي) قَبْلِ الْحَمْل وَلَا مَعَ الْحَمْلِ بَسْ ؟	3andek el daght (el 3aly) abli el 7aml wala ma3 el 7aml bas?
Do you have any symptoms of hypertension?	حِسَّيْتِي بِأَيِّ الضَغْط (عَالِي) ؟	7aseyti bi ay el daght (3aly)?
How long have you been complaining of the condition?	مِنْ إِمْتَى ؟	Min emta?
How? Where is it specifically?	وِنُوعُهُ إِيهُ ؟ وَمَكَانُهُ فِينْ ؟	W no3o eih? W makano fein?
Do you have persistent headaches?	هَلْ عَنْدِكْ صُدَاعٌ مُسْتَمِرُ ؟	Hal 3andek soda3 mostamer?
Do you have persistent blurring of vision?	فِيهِ زَغْلَلَةٌ مُسْتَمِرَّةٌ ؟	Fih zaghlala mostamera?
Do you have persistent vomiting?	فِيه فِي مُسْتَمِرُ ؟	Fih qay' mostamer?
Do you have heartburn?	فِيهِ أَلَمْ فِي أَعْلَى الْمِعْدَةُ ؟	Fih alam fi a3la el me3da?
Do you have pain in the right hypochondrium?	فِيهِ أَلَمْ فِي جَنْبِكَ الْيَمِينُ ؟	Fih alam fi ganbek el yameen?
Do you have oedema of the lower limb, upper limb or in any other place?	فِيهُ وَرَمْ فِي رِجُلِكْ أَوْ فِي إِيدِيكُ أَوْ فِي أَمَاكِينُ أُخْرَى ؟	Fih waram fi reglek aw fi edeyki aw fi amaken okhra?
Do you have any problems or infections in the kidney?	فيه أَيِّ مَشَاكِلٌ أَوْ الْتِهَابَاتُ فِي الكلي ؟	Fih ay mashakel aw eltehabat fil kela?
Do you have convulsion?	جَالِكُ تَشَنُّجَاتُ ؟	Galek tashanogat?
When was the last time you measured your blood pressure? What is the result?	أَخِرُ مَرَّةً تَمْ قِيَاسُ الضَغْطَ كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟ النتيجة إيه ؟	A5er mara tam keyas el daght kan emta? El nateega eih?
5. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
Did you have urine proteinuria test?	هَلْ عَمَلتِي تَحْلِيلْ زُلالْ فِي الْبُولُ ؟	Hal 3amalti ta7lil zolal fil baul?
6. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Diabetes With Pregnancy

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
I am pregnant and I have diabetes.	أَنَا حَامِلٌ وَعَنْدِي سُكَّرْ	Ana 7amel w 3andy sokar
How long have you been pregnant?	حَضْرَتَكَ حَامِلٌ فِي كَامْ شَهْرٍ ؟	Hadretek 7amel fi kam shahr?
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Calculate weeks of pregnancy & expected date of delivery (EDD)
2. When was your 1st day of the last menstrual period (LMP)	أَوَّلُ الْيُومُ فِي أَخِرِ الدَّوْرَةُ كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟	Awal el yom fi a5er el dawra kan emta?
3. Review of Three Trimester of Pregnancy (refer General History in O&G)
4. Analysis of the Complaint
When did you know you have diabetes?	عَرِفْتِي أَنَّ عَنْدِكُ السُّكَّرْ إِمْتَى ؟	3erefti en 3andek el sokar emta?
Is it during this pregnancy or previous pregnancies?	فِي الْحَمْلِ دَهُ وَلَا فِي أَيِّ حَمْلِ سَابِقٌ ؟	Fil 7aml dah wala fi ay 7aml sabe2?
Did you have diabetes only during the pregnancy or even before you were pregnant?	السَّكَرُ مَوْجُودُ أَثْنَاءِ الْحَمْلِ بَسْ وَلَا مَوْجُودٌ وَإِنْتِي مِن حَامِلٌ ؟	El sokar mawgoud asnaa el 7aml bas wala mawgoud wenty men 7amel?
Do you have any symptoms of diabetes?	كَانْ فِيهِ أَعْرَاضُ لِمَرَضُ السُّكَّرُ ؟	Kan fih a3rad le marad el sokar?
Do you go to the toilet frequently?	بِتُرُوحِي حَمَّامٌ كَثِيرٌ ؟	Btrou7i 7amam keteer?
Do you drink a lot of water?	بِتَشْرَبِي مَيَّة كَثِيرَةٌ ؟	Bteshrabi maya keteera?
Do you eat a lot?	بِتَكْلِي كَثِيرٌ ؟	Btakli keteer?
Do you have any problems or complications from diabetes?	فيه أَيِّ مَشَاكِلٌ أَوْ مُضَاعَفَاتْ مِن الشكر ؟	Fih ay mashakel aw modaa3afat men el sokar?
Did your blood pressure increase?	فِيهِ إِرْتِفَاعْ فِي الضَّغْط ؟	Fih ertefa3 fil daght?
Do you have headaches?	عَنْدِكَ الصَّدَاع ؟	3andek el soda3?
Do you have proteinuria?	فِيهِ زُلالْ فِي الْبُولْ ؟	Fih zolal fil baul?
Do you have swelling (oedema) of the lower limbs?	فِيهِ وَرَمْ فِي الرِّجْلِينَ ؟	Fih waram fil reglein?
Do you feel your abdomen is bigger than the previous pregnancy?	هَلْ بَطْنِكْ أَكْبَرْ مِنْ أَيِّ حَمْلٍ السَّابِقَة ؟	Hal batnek akbar min ay 7aml elsabeqa?
Do you have infections or pains of the kidney?	فِيهِ الْتِهَابَاتْ أَوْ أَلَمْ فِي الْكِلَى أَوْ حَرْقَانَ فِي الْبُولْ ؟	Fih eltehabat aw alam fil kela aw 7arqan fil baul?
Do you have discharge from below (vagina)?	فِيه إِفْرَازَاتْ مِنْ تَحْتِ مَهْبَلِيَّهُ) ؟	Fih efrazat min ta7t (mahbaleya)?
How about the amount, the colour, the odour, is it accompanied by itching or not?	كمِّيِّتْهَا وِلُونُهَا وَرَائِحْهَا وَمَعَهَا هَرْشَ ولا لا ؟	Kamiyetha w lonha w ra2e7aha w ma3aha harsh wala la?
5. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
When was your last glucose test?	أَخِرْ مَرَّةً عَمَلْتِي تَحْلِيلْ سُكَّرْ كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟	A5er mara 3amalti ta7lil sokar kan emta?
Did you perform a urine test or blood test?	عَمَلتِي تَحْلِيلُ البُولُ وَلَا تَحْلِيلُ الدَمْ ؟	3amalti ta7lil el baul wala ta7lil el dam?
What was the result?	إِيه ؟ النَّتِيحِةُ كَانَتْ	El nateega kanet eih?
What was the fasting level? Postprandial level?	صَائِمْ ؟ فَاطِرْ ؟	Sa2em? Fater?
Was it controlled or not?	كَانْ مَطْبُوطٌ وَلا لا ؟	Kan mazboot wala la?
Did you take an acetone test?	عَمَلْتِي تَحْلِيلُ أَسِيتُونَ ؟	3amalti ta7lil aseton?
Did you have any other test or investigations such as ultrasound?	عَمَلتِي أَيِّ تَحَالِيلٌ أَوْ إِشَعَة ثَانِيَةً زَيِّ سُونَارُ ؟	3amalti ay ta7alil aw ashe3a tanya zay sonar?
Did you take medications for diabetes or are you only on diet control?	كُنْتِي بِتَأْخُذِى عِلاجُ لِلسُّكَّرْ وَلا بِتِنْظَمِي الأَكُل بَسْ ؟	Konty bta5di 3elag lel sokar wala betnazami el akl bas?
What is the medication? Insulin or anything else?	العِلاجُ إِيه ؟ إِنْسُولِينَ وَلَا إِيه ؟	El 3elag eih? Insulin wala eih?
For the insulin, what is its type? Regular or NPH?	الإِنْسُولِينَ ، نُوعُهُ إِيهُ ؟ رَائِقُ وَلَا مُعَكَرْ ؟	El insulin, no3o eih? Ra2e2 wala mo3akar?
What is the dose?	الْجُرْعَةٌ قَدَّ إِيهُ ؟	El gor3a ad eih?
How many shots per day?	كَامٌ مَرَّةً فِي الْيُومُ ؟	Kam mara fil yom?
When is it taken?	إِمْتَى بِتَأْخْذِي الْجُرْعَةُ الإنسولين ؟	Emta bta5di el gor3a el insulin?
6. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Heart Disease With Pregnancy

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
I am pregnant and I have a heart disease.	أَنَا حَامِلٌ وَعَنْدِي مَرَضَ القَلْبِ	Ana 7amel w 3andy marad el alb
I am pregnant and I have rheumatic heart disease.	أَنَا حَامِلٌ وَعَنْدِي مَرَضٌ حُمَّى رُومَا تِرْمِيَّةً عَلَى الْقَلْبِ	Ana 7amel w 3andy marad homma romatezmeya 3ala el alb
I am pregnant and I have cardiac valve stenosis/regurgitation.	أَنَا حَامِل صُمَامُ وَعَنْدِي ضِيقٌ / إِرْتِجَاعُ فِي القَلْبِ	Ana 7amel w 3andy deeq / ertega3 fi somam el alb
How long have you been pregnant?	حَضْرَتِكَ حَامِلٌ فِي كَامُ شَهْرٍ ؟	Hadretek 7amel fi kam shahr?
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Calculate weeks of pregnancy & expected date of delivery (EDD)
2. When was your 1st day of the last menstrual period (LMP)	أَوَّل يُومٌ فِي أَخِرِ دَوْرَةٌ كَانْ أَمْتَى ؟	Awal yom fi a5er dawra kan emta?
3. Review of Three Trimesters of Pregnancy (refer General History in O&G)
4. Analysis of the Complaint
How did the heart problem arise?	مَرَضِ الْقَلْبِ مَعَاكِي بَدَأْ إِنَّاى ؟	Marad el alb ma3aki bada2 ezzay?
Do you have any symptoms of heart disease?	كَانَ فِيهِ أَعْرَاضُ لِمَرَضِ الْقَلْبِ ؟	Kan fih a3rad le marad el alb?
Chest pain: Where? Radiation? Type? Precipitating factor? Relieving factor?	أَلَمْ فِي الصِدْر ، فِينْ ؟ وِبِيُسَمَّعْ فِينْ ؟ نُوعُهُ إِيه ؟ وإِيهُ اللَّي بِيَزَوِّدُهُ ؟ وبيقلله ؟	Alam fil sedr, fein? W biysama3 fein? No3o eih? W eih elly biyzawedo? W bey2alelo?
Do you feel palpitations?	بِتْحِسَى بِضَرَبَاتٌ قَلْبِكَ ؟	Bet7esy be darabat albek?
Symptoms of Pulmonary Congestion
Do you have shortness of breath (dyspnoea)?	فيه نَهْجَانُ ، كُرْشَةِ نَفَس ؟	Fih nahagan, korshet nafas?
Do you have cough and expectoration?	فِيهِ كُحَّةُ وَبَلْغَمْ ؟	Fih ko7a w balgham?
How many pillows do you sleep on (orthopnoea)?	بِتْنَامِي عَلَى كَامُ مَخَدَّهُ ؟	Btenamy 3ala kam makhada?
Do you wake up at night due to shortness of breath?	بتصْحَى بِالَّيلْ عَشَانُ كُرْشَةِ نَفَسٌ ؟	Btes7y bel leil 3ashan korshet nafas?
Symptoms of Systemic Congestion
Do you feel pain in the right hypochondrium?	فيه أَلَمْ فِي أَعْلَى بَطْنِكُ اليَمِينُ ؟	Fih alam fi a3la batnek el yameen?
Do you have eating (swallowing/digestive) problems? (dyspepsia)	بِتَأْكُلِي كُوَيِّسٌ ، فِيهِ صُعُوبَةً فِي الهضم ؟	Btakly kwayes, fih so3ouba fil hadm?
Do you have yellowish discoloration of the eye?	عِينِكَ إِصْفِرِتْ ؟	3einek esfareit?
Do you have swelling (oedema) of the lower limb?	فِيهِ وَرَمْ فِي رِجْلِكَ ؟	Fih waram fi reglek?
Symptoms of Low Cardiac Output
Do you have blurring of vision?	فِيهِ زَغْلَلَةٌ ؟	Fih zaghlala?
Do you have dizziness?	فيه دُوخَةٌ ؟	Fih dookha?
Do you have syncope?	كُنْتِ غَيْبُوبَةٌ ؟	Konti ghaiboba?
5. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
6. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Rh Incompatibility With Pregnancy

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
I am pregnant and I am Rh negative but my husband is Rh positive.	أَنَا حَامِل وَأَنَا سَالِبُ Rh وجُوزِى مُوجَبْ	Ana 7amel w ana saleb Rh w gozy mogab
How long have you been pregnant?	حَضْرَتِكَ حَامِلٌ فِي كَامُ شَهْرٍ ؟	Hadretek 7amel fi kam shahr?
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Calculate weeks of pregnancy & expected date of delivery (EDD)
2. When was your 1st day of last menstrual period (LMP)	أَوَّل يُومٌ فِي أَخِرُ دَوْرَةٌ كَانْ إِمْتَى ؟	Awal yom fi a5er dawra kan emta?
3. Review of Three Trimesters of Pregnancy (refer General History in O&G)
4. Analysis of the Complaint
When did you find out you are Rh negative?	عَرِفْتِي إِمْتَى إِنَّكَ عَنْدِكْ Rh سَالِبْ ؟	3erefti emta enek 3andek Rh saleb?
During pregnancy or in between?	أَثْنَاءِ الْحَمْلِ أَوْ بَيْنَ الْحَمْل ؟	Asna2 el 7aml aw bein el 7aml?
Did you take a Rh injection after any pregnancy (abortion or delivery)?	أَخَذْتِي حُقْنَةٌ Rh بَعْدِ أَيِّ حَمْلِ سَوَاء سَقَط أَوْ وِلَادَةُ ؟	A5adti 7oqnet Rh ba3d ay 7aml sawa2 sa2t aw welada?
Did your child have a history of neonatal jaundice?	حَدٌ مِنْ أَبْنَائِكَ حَالُهُ الصَفْرَاءُ فِي العين فِي أَوَّلُ أَيَّامُ بَعْدِ الْوِلَادَةُ ؟	7ad min abna2ek galo el safra fil 3ein fi awal ayam ba3d el welada?
Was he admitted to the neonatal care unit?	هَلْ إحْتَاجُ يُخشَ الْحَضَّانَةُ ؟	Hal e7tag yo5osh el 7adana?
Did he need phototherapy?	هَلْ أَخَذْ عِلاجٌ ضَوْلِي ؟	Hal a5ad 3elag daw2y?
Did he need exchange transfusion?	هَلْ إحْتَاجُ تَغْيِيرُ دَمْ ؟	Hal e7tag taghyeer dam?
Do you have a history of any neonatal death or intrauterine fetal death?	حَدٌ مِنْ أَبْنَائِكَ مَاتٌ بَعْدِ الْوِلَادَةُ بفَتْرَةٌ قُلَيْلَةٌ) أَوْ مَاتْ دَاخِلٍ الرَّحِم ؟	7ad min abna2ek mat ba3d el welada (befatra alela) aw mat da5el el ra7em?
5. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
Have you done an Anti-Rh antibody investigation?	عَمَلتِي تَحْلِيلْ لِلْأَجْسَامِ الْمُضَادَةِ لِ Rh ؟ والنتيجة إيه ؟	3amalti ta7lil lel agsam el modada le Rh? W el nateega eih?
Have you done an ultrasound? What was the result?	عَمَلُتِي سُونَارُ ؟ وَالنِّتِيحَةُ إِيه ؟	3amalti sonar? W el nateega eih?
6. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Previous Cesarean Section

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
I am pregnant and I had a cesarean section before.	أَنَا حَامِلٌ وِعَامْلَهُ قَيْصَرِيَّةً قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ	Ana 7amel w 3amla aysareya abli keda
How long have you been pregnant?	حَضْرَتِكَ حَامِلٌ فِي كَامْ شَهْرٍ ؟	Hadretek 7amel fi kam shahr?
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Calculate weeks of pregnancy & expected date of delivery (EDD)
2. When was your 1st day of the last menstrual period (LMP)	أَوَّلُ الْيُومْ فِي أَخِرِ الدَّوْرَةُ كَانْ امْتَى ؟	Awal el yom fi a5er el dawra kan emta?
3. Review of Three Trimesters of Pregnancy (refer General History in O&G)
4. Analysis of the Complaint
Which pregnancy was the 1st cesarean section?	أَوَّلْ قَيْصَرِيَّةٌ كَانَتْ فِي أَيِّ حَمْل ؟	Awal aysareya kanet fi ay 7aml?
When was it?	مِنْ كَامْ سَنَةٌ ؟	Min kam sana?
Where did you have it?	عَمَلْتِيهَا فِينْ ؟	3amalteeha fein?
What was the indication?	عَمَلْتِيها ليه ؟	3amalteeha leih?
Any complications?	حَصَل أَي مُضَاعَفَاتْ أَثْنَاءِ أَوْ بَعْدِ الْعَمَلِيَّةُ ؟	Hasal ay modaa3afat asna2 aw ba3d el 3amaleya?
Did you have any anaesthetic complications?	فيه أَي مُضَاعَفَاتْ فِي التَّخْدِيرُ ؟	Fih ay modaa3afat fil ta5deer?
Did you have severe bleeding?	فيه نفزِيفٌ شِدِيدٌ ؟	Fih nezif shadeed?
Did you need any blood transfusion?	هَل دَهِ احْتَاجُ لِنَقْلِ الدَّمْ ؟	Hal dah e7tag le naql el dam?
Did you have postoperative wound infection?	هَلْ عَنْدِكْ الْتِهَابُ فِي الْجَرَحْ ؟	Hal 3andek eltehab fil gar7?
The next cesarean section was done after how many years?	الْقَيْصَرِيَّةُ الثَانِيَةُ بَعْدَهَا بِقَدٌ إِيه ؟	El aysareya el tanya ba3daha bi ad eih?
When was it?	تَارِيحُهَا كَانَتْ إِمْتَى ؟	Tare5ha kanet emta?
(Repeat the same questions as in the 1st cesarean section)
5. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
6. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

⬥ Gynaecology Cases

Bleeding

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
Bleeding occurs during menstruation	نَازِلْ نِزِيفٌ بِاسْتِمْرَارُ	Nazel nezif bestimrar
Continuous bleeding occurs when menstruation stops (Post menopausal bleeding)	نَازِلْ دَمْ بَعْدِ مَا الدَّوْرَةُ قَطَعْت	Nazel dam ba3d ma el dawra eta3t
and I don't know exactly when menstruation stopped	مِنْ عَارْفَهُ لِي دَوْرَة بَقَالُهَا قَدِّ إِيهُ الدَّوْرَةُ قَاطِعَةً ؟	Mosh 3arfa leih dawra ba2alha ad eih el dawra aat3a?
Irregular menstruation	الدَّوْرَةُ مِلَخْبَطَةٌ	El dawra mela5bata
Bleeding occurs after menstruation	الدَّورَةُ بِتْجِي بنزيف	El dawra bteegy be nezif
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Analysis of the Complaint
How does the bleeding start (onset)?	الْمَوْضُوعْ بِيُبْتِدِى إِنَّاي ؟	El mawdo3 biyebtedy ezzay?
Spontaneous or not?	لِوَحْدُهُ وَلَا إِيه ؟	Lewa7doh wala eih?
Did you take any IUD before the bleeding occurred?	رَكِبْتِي لَوْلَبْ قَبْلِ النَّزِيفُ ؟	Rakibti lawlab abli el nezif?
Did the previous cycle last longer? [not asked in case of post menopausal bleeding]	الدَّوْرَةُ اتَّأَخَّرْت قَبْلَ النَّزِيفُ ؟	El dawra eta5aret abli el nezif?
Did you take any medications or hormones before the bleeding occurred?	أَخَذْتِي أَدْوِيَّةٌ وَلَا هُورُمُونَاتٌ قَبْلِ النزيف ؟	A5adti adweya wala hormonat abli el nezif?
Is the bleeding continuous or intermittent?	النَّزِيفُ مُسْتَمِرُ ؟ وَلَا بِيُرُوحُ وبيجي ؟	El nezif mostamer? Wala beyrou7 w beyeegy?
What is the relation of the bleeding with the menstrual period?	وإيه عِلاقَتُهُ بِالدَّوْرَةُ ؟	W eih 3elaqto bel dawra?
When did the condition start?	إِبْتِدِى إِمْتَى ؟	Ebtada emta?
Amount of bleeding?	كِمِيةٌ قَدْ إِيه ؟	Kamiyeto ad eih?
Scanty	قليلة	Alela
Average	مَعْقُولَةٌ	Ma3qoula
Excessive	كثِيرٌ	Keteer
How many pads did you change per day?	بِتَغَيَّرِي كَامْ فُوطَةٌ فِي الْيُوم ؟	Btoghayari kam fota fil yom?
What is the colour?	لونه إيه ؟	Lono eih?
Dark brown	أَحْمَرُ جَامِدٌ / غَامِقٌ زَي بروني *	A7mar gamid / ghameq zay browni *
Bright red	أَحْمَرٌ شُوَيًّا / فَاتِحْ *	A7mar shwaya / fate7 *
2. Associated Symptoms
Do you have any pain?	هَلْ فِيهِ أَلَمْ أَسْفَلْ بَطْنِكْ ؟	Hal fih alam asfal batnek?
Where is it? Is it radiated to any site?	فِينْ ؟ وِبِيُسَمَّعْ فِينْ ؟	Fein? W biysama3 fein?
Do you have any associated discharge?	فِيه إِفْرَازَات ؟	Fih efrazat?
How about the amount, colour, and odour?	كمِّيتْهَا قَدِّ إِيه؟ لُونْهَا ؟ وَرَيْحِتْهَا ؟	Kamiyetha ad eih? Lonha? W re7etha?
Did you notice any abdominal swelling or enlargement?	هن لاحِظْتِي وُجُودٌ وَرَمْ فِي بَطْنِكْ ؟	Hal lahezti wogood waram fi batnek?
3. Possible Etiology
Do you have bleeding from any other sites?	فيه نزيفٌ بِيُنْزِلْ مِنْ حِتَّةٌ ثَانِيَةً ؟	Fih nezif beyenzel min heta tanya?
From nose, mouth?	مِنْ مَنَاخِيرِكْ وِبُوقِك ؟	Min mana5irek w bo2ek?
Do you have hypertension?	عَنْدِكْ الضغط ؟	3andek el daght?
Do you have heart disease?	عَنْدِكْ مَرَضُ القَلْبِ ؟	3andek marad el alb?
Do you have thyroid dysfunction?	عَنْدِكَ الْغُدَّةُ ؟	3andek el ghoda?
Do you have post coital bleeding?	فِيهِ يَزِيفُ بَعْدِ الْحِمَاعُ ؟	Fih nezif ba3d el gema3?
Do you have any difficulties in urination?	فِيه أَيِّ مَشَاكِلٌ فِي تَصْبِيرَةُ الْبُولُ ؟	Fih ay mashakel fi tabawol el baul?
Do you have any difficulties in defecation?	فِيهِ أَيِّ مَشَاكِلٌ فِي تَصْبِيرَةُ البُرَازُ ؟	Fih ay mashakel fi taborz el boraz?
4. Associated Complications
Do you have anemia?	عَنْدِكْ أَيْميًا ؟	3andek anemia?
5. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
6. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Infertility

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
Husband History
What is your husband's name?	جوزك اسمه ايه ؟	Gozek esmo eih?
How old is he?	عَنْدُهُ كَامْ سَنَةٌ ؟	3ando kam sana?
What is his occupation?	بِيشْتَغَلْ إِيه ؟	Beyeshtaghal eih?
Is he a smoker?	بِيدَخُنْ ؟	Biydakhan?
Did you have another marriage?	مِتْحَوِّزْ وَاحْدَةً ثَانِيَةً ؟	Metgawez wa7da tanya?
How many children do you have from the other marriage?	عَنْدُهُ أَوْلَادُ مِنْ زَوَاجٌ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ؟	3ando awlad min zawag abli keda?
How old is the youngest?	أَصْغَرْ طِفْلَ عَنْدُهُ كَامْ سَنَةٌ ؟	Asghar tefl 3ando kam sana?
Did you have any operations before?	إِنْعَمْلُهُ عَمَلِيَّاتٌ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Et3amalo 3amaleyat abli keda?
Varicocele surgery	عَمَلِيَّةٌ دَوَالِي عَلَى الْخَصْيَة	3amaleyet dawaly 3ala el 5esya
Hernial surgery	عَمَلِيَّةٌ فَتْقِ	3amaleyet fatq
COMPLAINT
No offsprings	مَفِيشَ نَصِيبٌ	Mafeesh naseeb
Never been pregnant	مَبِخَلِّفْش	Maba5alafsh
Seeking for pregnancy	حَايَّةٌ عَلَشَانُ أَحْمِلْ	Gayya 3alashan a7mal
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Analysis of the Complaint
Onset	الْمَوْضُوعُ إِبْتَدَى إِنَّاي ؟	El mawdo3 ebtada ezzay?
Duration: when the condition starts?	إِبْتَدَى إِمْتَى ؟	Ebtada emta?
Have you been married before?	الْحَوِّزْنِي قَبْلِ كِدَةً ؟	Etgawezti abli keda?
Do you have children from the previous marriage?	عَنْدُهُ مِنْهَا أَوْلَادُ ؟	3ando menha awlad?
How old is the youngest?	أَصْغَرْ طِفْلَ عَنْدُهُ كَامْ سَنَةً ؟	Asghar tefl 3ando kam sana?
Have you gotten pregnant before?	حَمِلْتِي قَبْلِ كِدَةً ؟	7amilti abli keda?
When was it? (for secondary infertility)	مِنْ كَامْ سَنَةً ؟	Min kam sana?
2. Possible etiology
Male Factor
Did your husband have a semen analysis?	جُوزِكْ انْعَمْلُهُ تَحْلِيلْ سَائِلٌ مَنَوِى ؟	Gozek et3amalo ta7lil sa2el manawy?
How many times? When?	كَامْ مَرَّةً ؟ إِمْتَى ؟	Kam mara? Emta?
What was the result?	نِتِيجَتُهُ إِيه ؟	Nategto eih?
Female Factor: Ovarian factor — Symptoms suggestive of ovulation
How is your menstrual cycle?	الدَّوْرَةُ أَخْبَارَهَا إِيه ؟	El dawra a5barha eih?
Regular or not?	مُنْتَظِمَةٌ وَلا لا ؟	Montazema wala la?
Is it associated with pain (spasmodic dysmenorrhoea)?	بِتْحِ بِأَلَمْ ؟	Bet7esy bi alam?
Do you have mastalgia before the cycle?	بِتَحِسَى بِأَلَمْ فِي صِدْرِكْ قَبْلِ الدورة ؟	Bet7esy bi alam fi sedrek abli el dawra?
Do you have pain between the cycles (ovulatory pain)?	تحِسّى بِأَلَمْ فِي نِصْفِ الدَّوْرَةُ ؟	Bet7esy bi alam fi nesf el dawra?
Do you have spotting between the cycles (ovulatory spotting)?	بينزل نُقَط دَمْ بَيْنَ الدَّوْرَةُ وِ الدَّوْرَةُ اللَّي بَعْدَهَا ؟	Beyenzel no2at dam bein el dawra w el dawra elly ba3daha?
Do you have discharge between the cycles (ovulatory discharge)?	يتنْزِلْ إِفْرَازَاتْ مِنْ تَحْتِ بَيْنَ الدَّوْرَةُ و الدَّوْرَةُ اللَّى بَعْدَهَا ؟	Betenzel efrazat min ta7t bein el dawra w el dawra elly ba3daha?
Symptoms suggestive of hyperprolactinaemia
Do you have milky discharge from your breast (galactorrhoea)?	فِي إِفْرَازَاتُ زَيِّ اللَّبَنْ بِتَنْزِلْ مِنْ صدرك ؟	Fih efrazat zay el laban betenzel min sedrek?
Symptoms suggestive of polycystic ovarian disease
Do you have excessive hair (hirsutism)?	فيه شَعْرِ زِيَادَةً عَنْ الطَّبِيعِي بِيطْلَعْ في جِسْمِك ؟	Fih sha3r zeyada 3an el tabe3y beyetla3 fi gesmek?
Female Factor: Tubal Factor — Symptoms suggestive of Acute Salpingitis
Do you have acute lower abdominal pain, fever and offensive discharge?	جَالِكُ سُخُونِيَّةٌ مَعَاهَا وَجَعْ فِي بَطْنِكَ ؟ وَإِفْرَازَاتْ رَيْحِتْهَا وِحْشَهُ ؟	Galek so5oneya ma3aha waga3 fi batnek? W efrazat re7etha we7sha?
Symptoms suggestive of TB Salpingitis
Do you have night fever, night sweating and loss of weight?	جَالِكُ سُخُونِيَّةٌ أَوْ بِتِعْرَقِي بِاللَّيْلِ ولَا حِظْتِي إِنَّكَ بِتَخِسٌى ؟	Galek so5oneya aw bte3ra2y bel leil w lahezti inek bet5esy?
Female Factor: Cervical Factor — Symptoms suggestive of Cervicitis
Do you have erosion, dyspareunia, discharge, and backache?	قَالُوا لِكُ فِيهِ قُرْحَةٌ فِي عُنُقِ الرَحِمْ وأَلَمْ أَثْنَاءِ الْحِمَاعُ وَإِفْرَازَاتُ وِ أَلَمْ في ظهرك ؟	Alo leki fih or7a fi 3onoq el ra7em w alam asna2 el gema3 w efrazat w alam fi dahrek?
Sexual Factor
Sexual Factor	حَيَاةُ زَوْجِيَّةٌ	Hayah zawgeya
How many times do you have sexual intercourse per week?	كَامٌ مَرَّةٌ بِيَحْصَلْ الْحِمَاعُ فِي الأسبوع ؟	Kam mara beya7sal el gema3 fil osbo3?
Do you have pain during intercourse?	فِيهِ أَلَمْ أَثْنَاءِ الْحِمَاعُ ؟	Fih alam asna2 el gema3?
3. Investigation
Folliculometry (Serial vaginal ultrasound)	مُتَابَعَةً تَبْوِيضُ	Motab3et tabweed
Hormonal assay	تَحْلِيلْ هُورُمُونَات	Ta7lil hormonat
Premenstrual endometrial biopsy	عَمَلِيَّةٌ كَحْت قَبْلِ الدَّوْرَةُ	3amaleyet ka7t abli el dawra
Hysterosalphingography	أَشَعَةُ بِالصَّبْغَة (بِالزِيتْ عَلَى الرَّحِمْ وَالأَنَابِيبُ	Ashe3a bel sabgha (bel zeit) 3ala el ra7em w el anabib
Laparoscopy (diagnostic)	مِنْظَارُ تَشْخِيصِي)	Menzar tashkheesy
Post Coital test	الإِخْتِبَارُ بَعْدِ الْحِمَاعُ	El e5tebar ba3d el gema3
4. Management
Drugs for induction of ovulation	أَدْوِيَّةً لِتَنْشِيطُ التَبْوِيضُ	Adweya letansheet el tabweed
Tuboplasty	عَمَلِيَّةٌ تَسْلِيكْ لِلْأَنَابِيبُ	3amaleyet tasleek lel anabib
Laparoscopy (therapeutic)	مِنْظارُ (عِلاجي)	Menzar (3elagy)
Cautery	عَمَلِيَّةٌ كَيْ لِعُنُقِ الرَّحِمْ	3amaleyet kay le 3onoq el ra7em
What are you waiting for?	مُسْتَنِّي تِعْمِلِي إِيه ؟	Mostaneya te3mely eih?
5. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Amenorrhoea

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
Absent menstruation (Primary Amenorrhoea)	الدورة محتش	El dawra magatsh
Cessation of menstruation (Secondary Amenorrhoea)	الدَّوْرَةُ كَانِتْ بِتْجِي وَبَعْدِينَ قَطَعْت	El dawra kanet bteegy w ba3deen eta3et
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Analysis of the Complaint
Did you have menstruation before?	الدَّوْرَةُ كَانَتْ بِتُحِي قَبْلِ كِدَةً ؟	El dawra kanet bteegy abli keda?
Primary Amenorrhoea (ask events of puberty)
How about your pubic hair development?	هَلْ ظَهَرْ شَعْرِ فِي الْعَانَةُ ؟	Hal zahar sha3r fil 3ana?
How about your axillary hair development?	هَلْ ظَهَرْ شَعْر تَحْتِ الإِبَطْ ؟	Hal zahar sha3r ta7t el ebat?
How about your breast development?	هَلْ صِدْرِكْ ظَهْر طَبِيعِي ؟	Hal sedrek zahar tabe3y?
Secondary Amenorrhoea
How long has the cycle stopped?	بَقَالُهَا قَدِّ إِيهُ الدَوْرَةُ قَطَعْت ؟	Ba2alha ad eih el dawra eta3et?
How did it occur? (preceding conditions)	إِنَّا انْقَطَعْت ؟	Ezzay enqata3et?
Is it related to a delivery?	بَعْدِ وِلَادَةُ ؟	Ba3d welada?
Is it related to post partum haemorrhage? Is it related to an operation?	هَلْ خَالِكَ نِزِيفٌ حَامِدٌ بَعْدِ وِلَادَةٌ أَوْ بَعْدِ عَمَلِيَّةٌ ؟	Hal galek nezif gamed ba3d welada aw ba3d 3amaleya?
Is it related to medication (pills)?	أَوْ بَعِدِ اِسْتِعْمَالُ حُبُوبٌ (بَرْشَامُ) مَنْعِ الْحَمْلِ (هُورْمُونَ) ؟	Aw ba3d este3mal hobob (barsham) man3 el 7aml (hormon)?
Is it related to any psychic problems?	هَلْ حَالِكَ أَزْمَةً نَفْسِيَّةٌ ؟	Hal galek azma nafseya?
2. Associated Symptoms, Complications and Possible Etiology
Do you have nausea & vomiting (symptoms suggesting pregnancy for secondary amenorrhoea)?	بتحسي أَعْرَاضٍ حَمْلٍ زَيِّ غَمَمَانِ نَفْسٍ وَتَرْجِيعُ	Bet7esy a3rad 7aml zay ghamaman nafs w targee3?
Do you have cyclic lower abdominal pain (symptoms suggesting false amenorrhoea)?	فِيهِ مَغَصْ فِي أَسْفَلِ الْبَطْنِ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ؟	Fih maghas asfal el batn kol shahr?
Do you have headache, vomiting, blurring of vision (Symptoms suggesting pituitary adenoma)?	فِيهِ صُداعٌ مُسْتَمِرُ ، فِي مُسْتَمِرٌ ، زَغْلَلَهُ فِي الْعِينُ ؟	Fih soda3 mostamer, qay' mostamer, zaghlala fil 3ein?
Do you have milky discharge/galactorrhoea (symptoms suggesting hyperprolactinemia)?	فِيه إِفْرَازَاتُ زَيِّ اللَّبَنْ بِتَنْزِلْ مِنْ صدرك ؟	Fih efrazat zay el laban betenzel min sedrek?
Did your body hair increase (symptoms suggesting androgen over production/hirsutism)?	فِيهِ شَعْرِ زِيَادَةٌ ؟	Fih sha3r zeyada?
3. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
4. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Genital Prolapse

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
I have uterine prolapse	عَنْدِي سُقُوطٌ فِي بِيْتِ الْوَلَدْ	3andy soqoot fi beit el walad
Sensation of heaviness	حَاسَّةٌ بِثِقِلْ	7assa be te2l
Mass protruding from the vulva	حَاسَّةٌ بِحَاجَةً نَازَلَةٌ مِنِّي	7assa be 7aga nazla meny
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Analysis of the Complaint
Onset: How did it occur?	ابْتَدَى إِنَّاى ؟	Ebtada ezzay?
Is it following recent delivery or menopause?	انْقَطَعْt بَعْدِ الوِلَادَةُ أَوْ بَعْدِ الدورة ؟	Enqata3et ba3d el welada aw ba3d el dawra?
Is it gradual or stationary?	بالتَّدْرِيجُ وَلَا زَيِّ مَا هُوَ وَلَا إِيه حِكَايَةٌ دِي كَانْ صُغَيَّرْ وَكِبِيرٌ	Bel tadreeg wala zay ma howa wala eih el 7ekaya di kan soghayar w kebeer?
How long has it been since it occurred?	بَقَالِكْ قَدِّ إِيهُ السُّقُوطُ دَهْ ؟	Ba2alek ad eih el soqoot dah?
What increases the condition?	إيه اللي بِيَزَوِّدُهُ ؟	Eih elly beyzawedo?
Is it increased when you strain?	لَمَّا بِتِحْزَقِي بِيَزِيدُ ؟	Lamma bet7eza2y beyezeed?
What decreases the condition?	إِيهُ اللَّي بِيَوَدِّيْهِ (بِيقَللُهُ ) ؟	Eih elly beywadeh (bey2alelo)?
Is it decreased when you lay down?	لَمَّا بِتْنَامِي عَلَى ظَهْرِكْ بِيْرُوحْه ( بيقلله ) ؟	Lamma betnamy 3ala dahrek beyrou7 (bey2alelo)?
2. Associated Symptoms
Urinary symptoms
Do you have stress incontinence?	لَمَّا بِتَكُحَى أَوْ تِعْطَسِي البُولُ بِيَهْرَبْ مِنَّكَ ؟ مَتِقْدَرِيسٌ تَحْكِيمُهُ ؟	Lamma betko7y aw te3tasy el baul beyohrob mennek? Mateqdareesh te7akimy feeh?
Are you complaining of increased frequency in micturation?	بتروحي الْحَمَّامُ كِثِيرُ ؟ بِاللَّيلَ وَلا بِالنَّهَارُ ؟	Betrou7y el 7amam keteer? Bel leil wala bel nahar?
Do you have burning micturation?	فِيهِ حَرْقَانُ فِي الْبُولُ ؟	Fih 7arqan fil baul?
Do you have fever and loin pain (pyelonephritis)?	سُخْنْتِي وِجَالِكَ وَجَعْ فِي جَنْبِكَ ؟	So5nety w galek waga3 fi ganbek?
Do you have inability to complete micturation without supporting with your hand?	هَلْ مِحْتَاجُ تُحَطَّى صَوَابِعِكْ مِنْ قُدَّامْ عَشَانُ تِرْفَعِي السُّقُوطُ تِقْدَرِي تكملي تتبول ؟	Hal me7taga te7oty sawabe3ek min oddam 3ashan terfa3y el soqoot te2dary tkamely tabawol?
Rectal symptoms
Do you have inability to complete defecation?	فِيهِ أَيِّ مَشَاكِلٌ فِي تَبْصِيرَةِ الْبُرَازُ ؟	Fih ay mashakel fi taborz el boraz?
Do you have backache?	فِيهِ أَيِّ وَجَعْ فِي ظَهْرِكْ ؟	Fih ay waga3 fi dahrek?
Congestive symptoms
Do you have pain during menstruation (congestive dysmenorrhoea)?	فِيهِ أَلَمْ قَبْلِ نُزُولُ الدَّوْرَةُ ؟	Fih alam abli nozool el dawra?
Do you realize the amount of blood increased (congestive menorrhagia)?	فيه زِيَادَةٌ فِي كِمِّيَّة الدَوْرَةُ ؟	Fih zeyada fi kameyet el dawra?
Do you have excessive discharge together with the menstruation (congestive leucorrhoea)?	فيه إِفْرَازَاتْ كَثِيرَةٌ مَلْهَاشِ رِيحُهُ ؟	Fih efrazat keteera malhash ree7a?
3. Possible Etiology
Do you have chronic cough?	عَنْدِكَ كُحَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ ؟	3andek ko7a mozmena?
Do you suffer from chronic constipation?	عَنْدِكَ إِمْسَاكَ مُؤْمِنٌ ؟	3andek emsak mozmen?
4. Associated Complication
Have you done surgical repair for organ prolapse before?	عَمَلتِي أَيِّ عَمَلِيَّاتْ عَشَانُ السُّقوط قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟ إِمْتَيَ ؟ وفين ؟	3amalti ay 3amaleyat 3ashan el soqoot abli keda? Emta? W fein?
5. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
6. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Pelvi-Abdominal Swelling

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
PERSONAL HISTORY (refer General History in O&G)
COMPLAINT
I have abdominal swelling	عَنْدِي وَرَمْ فِي بَطْنِي	3andy waram fi batny
I feel that my abdomen is getting bigger	حَاسَّةٌ أَنَّ بَطْنِي بِيَكْبَرْ	7assa en batny biyekbar
PRESENT HISTORY
1. Analysis of the Complaint
How did it occur (onset)?	ابْتَدَى إِنَّاى ?	Ebtada ezzay?
What preceeded the onset? Is it because of trauma? Or after a period of amenorrhoea?	أو الدَوْرَةُ انْأَ خَرْت مِنْ فَتْرَةُ ؟ قَبْلِ مَا يُحْصَلْ الْوَرَمُ ؟ إِثْخَبَطْتِي ؟	Aw el dawra eta5aret min fatra? Abli ma ye7sal el waram? Etkhabatti?
Course: Is it getting bigger within a short period of time?	هَا بِيَكْبَرُ بِسُرْعَةٌ ؟	Ha biyekbar besor3a?
Is it progressive or regressive?	الْوَرَمُ دَهُ بِيَقِلْ أَوْ بِيَزِيدُ ؟	El waram dah biye2el aw beyezeed?
How long has it been since it occurred?	بَقَالُنَا قَدٌ إِيدٌ ؟	Ba2alna ad eih?
2. Associated Symptoms
Do you have any associated pain?	هَلْ كَانَ مَعَاهُ أَلَمْ ؟	Hal kan ma3ah alam?
How about the character of the pain? Site?	إِلا لَمْ إِزاي ؟ وفِينٌ ؟	El alam ezzay? W fein?
Do you have any associated bleeding or menstrual disturbance?	هَلْ كَانَ مَعَاهُ نِزِيفٌ أَوْ الدَّوْرَةُ ملخطة ؟	Hal kan ma3ah nezif aw el dawra mela5bata?
How about the bleeding? Its amount, colour?	النَّزِيفَ إِنَّاي ؟ كِمِيِّتُهُ ؟ لُونُهُ ؟	El nezif ezzay? Kamiyeto? Lono?
Do you have any associated vaginal discharge?	هَلْ كَانَ مَعَاهُ إِفْرَازَاتٌ مِنْ تَحْتِ ؟	Hal kan ma3ah efrazat min ta7t?
How about the discharge? Its amount, colour, odour?	إِفْرَازَاتْ إِنَّاي ؟ كِمِّيِّتْهَا ؟ لُونُهَا ؟ رَيْحِتْهَا ؟	Efrazat ezzay? Kamiyetha? Lonha? Re7etha?
Constitutional symptoms: Do you have fever, sweating, malaise?	فِيهِ إِرْتِفَاعُ فِي الْحَرَارَةُ أَوْ عَرَقْ أَوْ إِجْهَادُ ؟	Fih ertefa3 fil 7arara aw 3araq aw eghad?
3. Possible Etiology
Symptoms Suggestive of Urinary Disorders
Do you have any problems in micturation?	هَلْ فِيهِ أَيِّ مَشَاكِلٌ فِي التَّبَرُّلُ ؟	Hal fih ay mashakel fil tabawol?
Do you have burning pain during micturition, increased frequency or loin pain?	فِيهِ حَرْقَانَ ، بِرُوحِى الْحَمَامُ كِثِيرٌ ، أَلَمْ فِي جَنْبِك ؟	Fih 7arqan, betrou7y el 7amam keteer, alam fi ganbek?
Symptoms Suggestive of GIT Disorders
Do you have any problems in your stomach and intestine?	هَلْ فِي أَيِّ مَشَاكِلٌ فِي الْمِعْدَةُ وَالأَمْعَاءُ ؟	Hal fih ay mashakel fil me3da w el am3aa'?
Do you have nausea, vomiting, heart burn, constipation or diarrhoea?	فِيهِ غَمَمَانْ نَفْسٍ ، تَرْجِيعُ ، أَلَمْ فِي الْمِعْدَةُ ، إِمْسَاكُ ، إِسْهَالُ ؟	Fih ghamaman nafs, targee3, alam fil me3da, emsak, eshal?
Symptoms Suggestive of TB
Do you have night fever, night sweating or haemoptysis?	هل فيه سُخُونِيَّةٌ أَوْ عَرَقْ بِالَّيْل ؟ هَلْ فيه كُمَّةٌ دَمْ ؟	Hal fih so5oneya aw 3araq bel leil? Hal fih ko7et dam?
Have you ever been admitted to the fever hospital?	سَبَقَ الْحَحَزْنِي فِي الْمُسْتَشْفَى لِلصَّدْر ؟	Sabaq et7agazty fil mostashfa lel sadr?
Pressure Symptoms Caused by Abdominal Swelling
Do you have dyspnoea, palpitation, lower limb oedema, dyspepsia, frequency of micturition?	هَلْ فِيهِ نَهْحَانُ ، بِنْحِسَى بِضَرَبَاتِ القلب ، وَرَمْ فِي رِجليك ، صُعُوبَةً	Hal fih nahagan, bet7esy be darabat el alb, waram fi regleiki, so3ouba
Symptoms suggestive of malignancy
Did the swelling grow rapidly?	هَارُ الوَرَمُ بِيَكْبَرُ بِسُرْعَةٌ ؟	Hal el waram biyekbar besor3a?
Have you experienced loss of body weight?	هَلْ فِيهِ نَقْصٍ شِدِيدٌ فِي الْوَزْن ؟	Hal fih naqs shadeed fil wazn?
Symptoms suggestive of metastasis [Breast secondaries] (refer General History Taking)
Do you have breast mass/swelling or previous breast surgery?	هَا فِيهِ أَيِّ أَوْرَامُ فِي الثَّدِيْنِ أَوْ عَمَلْتِي أَيِّ عَمَلِيَّاتُ فِي النَّدِي ؟	Hal fih ay awram fil sadyein aw 3amalti ay 3amaleyat fil sady?
4. Investigation & Management (refer General History in O&G)
5. Symptoms of Other Systems (refer General History Taking)
MENSTRUAL HISTORY • OBSTETRICS HISTORY • PAST HISTORY • FAMILY HISTORY

Doctor Asks & Patient Answers (Roleplay Dialogue)

Doctor: حَمِلْتِ كَامْ مَرَّةً قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟ (How many times have you gotten pregnant?)

Patient: أَنَا حَامِلٌ وِعَامْلَهُ قَيْصَرِيَّة قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ. (I am pregnant and I had a cesarean section before.)

Doctor: هَلْ عَنْدِكْ صُدَاعٌ مُسْتَمِرُ ؟ (Do you have excessive headaches?)

Patient: لا، بَسْ عَنْدِي نِزِيفٌ (مِنْ تَحْتِ). (No, but I have ante partum hemorrhage / vaginal bleeding.)

Doctor: عَمَلتِي تَحْلِيلُ البُولُ وَلَا تَحْلِيلُ الدَمْ ؟ (Did you perform a urine test or blood test?)

Patient: عَمَلتِي تَحْلِيلْ زُلالْ فِي الْبُولُ. (I had a urine proteinuria test.)

Doctor: هَلْ بِتَأْخْذِي أَيِّ أَدْوِيَّةٌ ؟ (Do you take any medications?)

Patient: عنْدِي سُكَرْ... كُنتِي بِتَأْخُذِى عِلاجُ لِلسُّكَّرُ. (I have diabetes... I was taking medication for diabetes.)

Doctor: النَّزِيفُ مُسْتَمِرُ ؟ وَلَا بِيُرُوحُ وبيجي ؟ (Is the bleeding continuous or intermittent?)

Patient: نَازِلْ نِزِيفٌ بِاسْتِمْرَارُ. (Bleeding occurs continuously.)

Doctor: هَلْ لاحِظْتِي وُجُودٌ وَرَمْ فِي بَطْنِكْ ؟ (Did you notice any abdominal swelling or enlargement?)

Patient: عَنْدِي وَرَمْ فِي بَطْنِي... حَاسَّةٌ أَنَّ بَطْنِي بِيَكْبَرْ. (I have abdominal swelling... I feel that my abdomen is getting bigger.)

Doctor: بَقَالِكْ قَدِّ إِيهُ السُّقُوطُ دَهْ ؟ (How long has it been since it occurred?)

Patient: عَنْدِي سُقُوطٌ فِي بِيْتِ الْوَلَدْ... حَاسَّةٌ بِثِقِلْ. (I have uterine prolapse... Sensation of heaviness.)

Doctor: الدَّوْرَةُ أَخْبَارَهَا إِيه ؟ مُنْتَظِمَةٌ وَلا لا ؟ (How is your menstrual cycle? Regular or not?)

Patient: الدَّوْرَةُ مِلَخْبَطَةٌ... مَبَخَلَّفْش. (Irregular menstruation... Infertility.)

Doctor: عَرِفْتِي إِمْتَى إِنَّكَ عَنْدِكْ Rh سَالِبْ ؟ (When did you find out you are Rh negative?)

Patient: أَنَا حَامِل وَأَنَا سَالِبُ Rh وجُوزِى مُوجَبْ. (I am pregnant and I am Rh negative but my husband is Rh positive.)

👂 Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT)

Complaint & present history across Ear (hearing, tinnitus, discharge, vertigo, facial paralysis), Nose (obstruction, discharge, epistaxis, smell) and Throat (hoarseness, swallowing, breathing) symptoms.

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
COMPLAINT & PRESENT HISTORY
1. Diminution of Hearing
Can you listen well?	بِتِسْمَعْ كُوَيِّسْ ؟	Betesma3 kwayes?
Is it unilateral or bilateral?	نَاحْيَةٌ وَاحْدَةً وَلَا نَاحْيَتَينْ ؟	Nahya wa7da wala nahyateen?
2. Tinnitus
Do you hear tinnitus?	عَنْدَكَ وش فِي وِدْنَك ؟	3andak wash fi wednak?
Is it bilateral or unilateral?	نَاحْيَةٌ وَاحْدَةً وَلَا نَاحْيَتَينُ ؟	Nahya wa7da wala nahyateen?
3. Discharge
Do you have ear discharge?	فِيهِ إِفْرَازُ مِنْ وِدْنَكَ ؟	Fi efraz men wednak?
Is it profuse or scanty?	كمِيتُهَا كَثِيرٌ وَلَا قُلَيْلْ ؟	Kemeyetha keteer wala 2olayel?
Does it have odour?	عِنْدَها ريحة ؟	3andaha ree7a?
Does it smell offensive?	ريحتها وحشة ؟	Ree7etha wa7sha?
EAR — Colour of discharge
yellowish	لُونَهَا أَصْفَرْ ؟	Lonha asfar?
greenish	لُونَهَا أَحْضَرُ ؟	Lonha a7dar?
whitish	لُونَهَا أَبْيَضُ ؟	Lonha abyad?
clear	لُونَهَا شَفَاف ؟	Lonha shafaf?
Constituency
purulent	الْإِفْرَازُ زَيَّ صَدِيدٌ ؟	El-efraz zay sadeed?
mucopurulent	الْإِفْرَازُ بِينْ صَدِيدٌ وَمَيَاةٌ ؟	El-efraz been sadeed w mayah?
watery	الْإِفْرَازُ زَيْ مَيَاةٌ ؟	El-efraz zay mayah?
bloody	الْإِفْرَازَاتِ فِيهَا الدَّمْ ؟	El-efrazat fiha el-dam?
4. Headache
Did you experience any headaches?	عَنْدَكْ صُدَاعْ ؟	3andak soda3?
Did you hear any noise in your ears?	بِتَسْمَعْ ضَوْضَاءُ ؟	Betesma3 dawda2?
5. Vertigo
Did you experience any vertigo?	عَندَكَ ضُحَةٌ ؟	3andak do7a?
6. Facial Paralysis
Can you close your eyes properly?	مكِنْ غَمَّضَ عِيْنَيْكَ حَامِدٌ ؟	Momken tghammad 3enek 7amed?
Can you wash your face properly without soap entering your eyes?	تعْرِفْ يَغْسِلْ وِشَكُ وَلَا الصَّابُوْنَ يخش في عينيك ؟	Te3raf yeghsel weshak wala el-saboon yekhosh fi 3enek?
Can you gurgle properly from both sides?	يَعْرِفُ لِلْمَضْمَضْ النَّحْيِنِين ؟	Ye3raf yelmadmad el-na7yeteen?
When you eat, does the food accumulate in any side of your mouth?	هل الأكل بيتحوش في بقك ؟	Hal el-akl byet7awesh fi bo2ak?
Did you notice any deviation of your mouth? On which side?	نحِسُّ انْعَوَّجْ ؟ عَلَى أَيِّ ناحية ؟	Ne7ess en3awag? 3ala ay na7ya?
Can you taste your food well?	هَلْ بِتَحِسَّ بِطَعْمِ الْأَكْلُ ؟	Hal bet7ess beta3m el-akl?
7. Swelling
Did you notice any swelling?	بِتُوَرَمْ	Betewram?
How many are there?	گام ؟	Kam?
Where are they?	فِينْ بِتُوَرَمْ ؟	Feen betewram?
8. Eye Symptoms — Visual acuity
blurriness	بتشوف كُوَيِّسٌ وَلَا مُشَ وَاضِحٌ ؟	Betshoof kwayes wala mosh wade7?
diplopia	بِتَشُوْفْ حَاجَةً إِثْنِينْ ؟	Betshoof 7aga ethneen?
Is there any overflow of tears from your eyes (epiphora)?	بتدمع ؟	Betdamma3?
NOSE — 1. Obstruction
Do you have any nasal obstruction?	مَنَا خِيْرَكْ مَسْدُودٌ ؟	Manakheerak masdood?
Is it unilateral or bilateral?	نَاحْيَةٌ وَاحْدَةً وَلَا نَاحْيَتَينْ ؟	Nahya wa7da wala nahyateen?
Do you have polyps?	عَنْدَكْ لَحْمِيَّةٌ فِي الْأَنْفُ ؟	3andak la7meya fel anf?
2. Discharge
Do you have nasal discharge?	فِيهِ إِفْرَازَاتْ مِنْ مَنَاخِيْرَكْ ؟	Fi efrazat men manakheerak?
Is it profuse or scanty?	كِمِيَّتُهَا كِثِيرٌ وَلَا قُلَيِّلٌ ؟	Kemeyetha keteer wala 2olayel?
Colour of discharge
yellowish	لُونَهَا أَصْفَرْ ؟	Lonha asfar?
greenish	لُونَهَا أَحْضَرْ ؟	Lonha a7dar?
whitish	لُونَهَا أَبْيَضُ ؟	Lonha abyad?
clear	لُونَهَا شَفَافٌ ؟	Lonha shafaf?
Does it smell offensive?	ريحتها وحْشَةً ؟	Ree7etha wa7sha?
Constituency
purulent	الْإِفْرَازَاتُ زَيِّ صَدِيدٌ ؟	El-efrazat zay sadeed?
mucopurulent	الْإِفْرَازَاتُ بِينْ صَدِيدٌ وَمَيَاةٌ ؟	El-efrazat been sadeed w mayah?
watery	الْإِفْرَازَاتُ زَيِّ مَيَاة ؟	El-efrazat zay mayah?
bloody	الْإِفْرَازَاتُ فِيهَا الدَّمْ ؟	El-efrazat fiha el-dam?
3. Epistaxis
Were there episodes of epistaxis?	يَنْزِفْ مِنْ مَنَا خِيْرَكْ ؟	Yenzef men manakheerak?
How much is the amount? Like a cup of tea?	كبيتُهَا قَد ؟ كُوبَةً شَايْ ؟	Kebeyetha 2ad? Kobayet shay?
Did you treat it at home or at the hospital?	عِلاجُ فِي الْبَيتُ وَلَا يَخْرُوْح	3elag fel beet wala yekhroo7
4. Facial Pain
Is there any pain? Where?	عَنْدَكَ وَجَعْ ؟ فِيْنَ ؟	3andak waga3? Feen?
Is the pain acute or chronic?	الْوَجَعْ دَهُ حَادٌ أَوْ مُؤْمِنٌ ؟	El-waga3 da 7ad aw mo2men?
Is the pain severe?	الْوَجَعْ دَهُ شَدِيدٌ ؟	El-waga3 da shadeed?
What are the precipitating factors?	إِيهُ حَاجَةً بِتُزَوِّدُ وَجَعْ ؟	Eih 7aga betzawwed waga3?
What relieves the pain?	بِتَعْمِلْ إِيهُ عَلَشَانُ بِتُخَفِّفْ ؟	Bete3mel eih 3alashan betkhaffef?
Does the pain radiate to any site?	الْوَجَعْ دَهُ بِيُسَمَّعْ فِي أَيِّ حِتَّةٌ ؟	El-waga3 da biysamma3 fi ay 7etta?
5. Headache
Did you experience episodes of headache?	عَنْدَكَ صُدَاعُ ؟	3andak soda3?
6. Smell Disorder
Can you smell well?	بِتَشُوْمُ كُوَيس ؟	Betshoom kwayes?
Do you smell things as they are?	حَسِّسَ بِتَشُوْمٌ حَاجَةٌ زَيِّ مَا هِيَّ وَلَّا حَاجَةً تَانِي ؟	7ases betshoom 7aga zay ma heya walla 7aga tany?
7. Sneezing
Did you experience episodes of sneezing? Is it recurrent?	بيغطين ؟ يتكرر ؟	Beyeghteen? Yetkarrar?
Was there any itchiness?	فِيهِ حَكَّة	Fi 7akka?
8. Snoring
Do you snore?	بتخر ؟	Betkhor?
Do you have sleep apnoea?	هل تَصْحَى مِنَ النَّوْمِ عَلَشَانُ نَفْسَكَ مَخْنُوقُ ؟	Hal tes7a men el-noom 3alashan nafasak makhnoo2?
THROAT — 1. Hoarseness
Is there any change in your voice?	فِيهِ تَغْيِيرْ فِي صُوتَك ؟	Fi taghyeer fi sootak?
2. Difficulty in Breathing
Can you breathe easily?	بِتَنَفَّسٌ بِسُهُولَةٌ ؟	Betetnaffes besohoola?
Is there any difficulty in breathing?	عَنْدَكَ ضِيقُ فِي النَّفَس ؟ عِنْدَكَ كُرْشَةِ النَّفَس ؟	3andak deeq fel nafas? 3andak korshet nafas?
Have you experienced gasping?	بِتَلْهَتْ ؟	Betelhat?
3. Difficulty in Swallowing
Can you swallow well?	بِتِبْلَعْ كُوَيْس ؟	Betebla3 kwayes?
Between solids and water, which one is easier to be swallowed?	بِتِبْلَعْ أَحْسَنْ مَعَ الطَّعَامَ وَلَا مَيَّاةً ؟	Betebla3 a7san ma3a el-ta3am wala mayah?
Is it painful during swallowing?	فِيهِ وَجَعْ لَمَّا بِتِبْلَعْ ؟	Fi waga3 lamma betebla3?
4. Choking
Did you experience episodes of choking?	بتشرق ؟	Beteshra2?
5. Regurgitation
Did you experience episodes of regurgitation?	بترجع ؟	Beteragga3?
6. Cough
Did you experience episodes of coughing?	عَنْدَكَ كُحة ؟	3andak ko77a?
7. Expectoration
Was there any expectorant?	عَنْدَكَ بَلْغَمْ ؟	3andak balgham?
Was it tinged with blood?	ينكح الدم ؟	Yenko7 el-dam?
8. Loss of Weight
Is there any change in your weight?	وَزْنَكَ نَقِصْ وَلَا زَيَّ مَا هِيَّ ؟	Waznak ne2es wala zay ma heya?
9. Change or Loss of Voice
Has your voice changed?	هَل صَوْتَكَ اتَّغَيَّرُ ؟	Hal sootak etghayyar?
Have you experienced any loss of voice?	فَقَدَتْ صَوْتَكَ قَبْلِ كِدَةٌ ؟	Faqadt sootak 2abl keda?

Clinical Dialogue Practice

Doctor: Can you listen well? (بِتِسْمَعْ كُوَيِّسْ ؟ / Betesma3 kwayes?)

Patient: No, I have diminution of hearing.

Doctor: Do you have ear discharge? (فِيهِ إِفْرَازُ مِنْ وِدْنَكَ ؟ / Fi efraz men wednak?)

Patient: Yes, it is yellowish (لُونَهَا أَصْفَرْ / Lonha asfar).

Doctor: Did you experience any headaches? (عَنْدَكْ صُدَاعْ ؟ / 3andak soda3?)

Patient: Yes, a very severe headache.

Doctor: Did you experience any vertigo? (عَندَكَ ضُحَةٌ ؟ / 3andak do7a?)

Patient: Sometimes, mainly when I stand up quickly.

Doctor: Do you have any nasal obstruction? (مَنَا خِيْرَكْ مَسْدُودٌ ؟ / Manakheerak masdood?)

Patient: Yes, and it is bilateral (نَاحْيَتَينْ / Nahyateen).

Doctor: Were there episodes of epistaxis? (يَنْزِفْ مِنْ مَنَا خِيْرَكْ ؟ / Yenzef men manakheerak?)

Patient: Yes, like a cup of tea (كُوبَةً شَايْ / Kobayet shay).

Doctor: Can you smell well? (بِتَشُوْمُ كُوَيس ؟ / Betshoom kwayes?)

Patient: No, I have a smell disorder.

Doctor: Is there any change in your voice? (فِيهِ تَغْيِيرْ فِي صُوتَك ؟ / Fi taghyeer fi sootak?)

Patient: Yes, I have severe hoarseness.

Doctor: Is there any difficulty in breathing? (عَنْدَكَ ضِيقُ فِي النَّفَس ؟ / 3andak deeq fel nafas?)

Patient: Yes, mostly at night while sleeping.

Doctor: Is it painful during swallowing? (فِيهِ وَجَعْ لَمَّا بِتِبْلَعْ ؟ / Fi waga3 lamma betebla3?)

Patient: Yes, especially with solid foods.

👁️ Ophthalmology

Complaint & present history (vision, squint, photophobia, pain, discharge, redness) plus the full structured ophthalmology examination routine and additional doctor–patient questions.

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
OPHTHALMOLOGY SHEET
PERSONAL HISTORY
COMPLAINT & PRESENT HISTORY
1. Diminution of Vision
Can you see with this eye?	بِتُشُوفْ بِعَيْنِ دَهُ ؟	betshoof bel 3en dah?
Can you see well or is there any diminution of vision?	بتَشُوفْ كُوَيْسٍ وَلَا ضَعِيفَةً ؟	betshoof kwayes wala da3eefa?
Is it associated with pain or redness?	مَعَهَا وَجَعْ أَوْ بِيَحْمَرْ ؟	ma3aha waga3 aw bete7mar?
Is it more at night or daytime or is it the same throughout the day?	بتزيدُ بِاللَّيْلِ أَوْ النَّهَارُ وَلَا زَيِّ مَا هِيَّ طُوَلُ الْيَوم ؟	betzeed bellayl aw elnahar wala zay ma heya toul elyom?
2. Double Vision and Squinting
Do you see things as double?	بِتُشُوفْ حَاجَةٌ إِثْنِينٌ ؟	betshoof 7aga etneen?
Is it all through or in certain positions only?	الْمُشْكِلَةُ دِي عَلَى طُولُ وَلَّا لَمَّا يتُشُوفْ فِي الْحَهُ مُعَيَّنْ	elmoshkela di 3ala toul wala lamma tenshoof fi geha mo3ayan?
Were you born with a squint?	الحَوَلْ دَهِ الْوِلِدتَّ بِهِ وَلَا ايه ؟	el7awal da etwaladt be wala eih?
3. Photophobia
Are you able to open your eyes under bright light?	بِتَقْدَرْ تِفْتَحُ العَيْنِ تَحْتِ الشَّمْسُ ؟	bte2dar tefta7 el3en ta7t elshams?
4. Pain
Is your eye painful?	عَيْنِكَ بِتُوْجَعَكْ ؟	3enak betewga3ak?
Is it bilateral or unilateral?	نَهْيَة وَحْدَةً وَلَّا نَهْيَتَينْ ؟	nahya wa7da wala nahyeten?
Right or left or both?	يمِينٌ وَلَا شِمَالُ ؟ أَوْ مَعَ بَعضَ ؟	yemeen wala shemal aw ma3 ba3d?
5. Discharge
Is there any discharge coming out from your eye?	فِيهِ إِفْرَازَاتْ مِنْ عَيْنَكْ ؟	feeh efrazaat men 3enak?
Colour of discharge yellowish	لُونَهَا أَصْفَرْ ؟	lonha asfar?
clear	لُونَهَا شَفَاف ؟	lonha shafaf?
purulent	الإِفْرَازُ زَيِّ صَدِيدٌ ؟	elefraaz zay sadeed?
mucopurulent	الإفرازَاتْ بِينْ صَدِيدٌ وَمَيَاةٌ ؟	elefrazaat been sadeed wa maya?
Constituency
watery	الإِفْرَازَاتْ زَيِّ مَيَاةٌ ؟	elefrazaat zay maya?
bloody	الإِفْرَازَاتُ فِيهَا الدَّمْ ؟	elefrazaat feha dam?
6. Redness
Is your red-eye associated with pain?	عَيْنَكُ اللَّي بِيَحْمَرْ دَهُ مَعَهُ وَجَعْ وَلَّا اية ؟	3enak elli bete7mar da ma3aho waga3 wala eih?
PAST HISTORY
FAMILY HISTORY
OPHTHALMOLOGY EXAMINATION
EYELID
Levator Function Test for Ptosis
1. Correct the patient's head position
2. Look down	بُصّ لتحت	Boss le ta7t
3. Fix your thumbs on the patient's eyebrows
4. Look up	بُصّ لفوق	Boss le foo2
5. Detect whether the upper eyelid is elevated or not
Palpebral Portion of Orbicularis Oculi Muscles Function Test for Lagopthalmos
1. Sit at same level of the patient
2. Close your eyes gently	قفّل عينيك برفق	2affel 3enek be-rif2
3. Elevate patient's chin
4. Observe palpebral fissure whether completely closed or not
Orbital Portion of Orbicularis Oculi Muscles Function Test for Forcible Closure of Eye
1. Close your eyes tightly	قفّل عينيك بقوة	2affel 3enek be-2owwa
2. Close your eyes tightly and don't let me open them	قفّل عينيك بقوة وماتسيبنيش أفتحهم	2affel 3enek be-2owwa we matseebneesh aftahhom
LACRIMAL APPARATUS
Lacrimal Gland
1. Look down	بُصّ لتحت	Boss le ta7t
2. Insinuate your little finger on the upper lateral portion of patient's eyelid. Normally the gland is not felt.
Lacrimal Sac
1. Look up	بُصّ لفوق	Boss le foo2
2. Pull the lateral canthus outwards to see the medial palpebral ligament visible at the medial canthus
3. Press on the lacrimal sac, below the medial palpebral ligament posteriorly, medially, and upward by little finger. Normally there is negative regurge.
CONJUNCTIVA
Bulbar Conjunctiva
1. Open your eyes	افتح عينيك	Efta7 3enek
2. Look for pterygium or pinguecula
3. If you find any filtering bleb, ask him about glaucoma operation
Palpebral Conjunctiva
1. Look down	بُصّ لتحت	Boss le ta7t
2. Grasp upper eye lashes between thumbs and index finger
3. By the tips of the other index, press gently downward over the superior aspect of the tarsal plate while pulling the upper lid margin upwards with the lashes
SCLERA
1. Ask for any previous eye operation and look for any scar of operation. Normally it's white and with no scar.
CORNEA
Examine the cornea for any sign of opacity.
1. If it is faint, it is nebula. If it is dense, it is leucoma. Specify whether it is central, paracentral or peripheral.
2. Search for any sign of blood vessels to determine whether it is vascularized or non-vascularized.
3. Examine the pupil; if it is round, it is non-adherent. If it is disturbed, it is adherent.
4. Examine corneal curvature for any Munson's sign: elevate the upper eyelid; ask the patient to look downward; detect the state of lower eyelid normally, it is not V-shaped
5. Examine for the corneal reflex
ANTERIOR CHAMBER
1. Look into the distance	بُصّ لبعيد	Boss le be3eed
2. Shine the light from the temporal side
3. Look from the nasal aspect of the iris
4. If 2/3 or more of the nasal iris is shadowed, the chamber is shallow and the angle is narrow
5. Repeat this step from the other direction "nasally, up and down"
IRIS
1. Examine its colour and pattern
2. Search for any sign of iridectomy and specify its type, whether peripheral or sectoral iridectomy
3. Search for any sign of synechia and specify its type, whether anterior or posterior synechia
PUPIL
Examine for its shape, regularity, and reactivity
LENS
Pseudophakia or Aphakia
1. Look at lens's position and colour
2. If pupil is black, ask: history of cataract operation; if none, then the lens is normal
3. If there was a cataract operation, ask about intraocular lens (IOL) implantation
4. Look for any purkinje sanson image: if it is 2 images with IOL implantation, it is pseudophakia; if it is 1 image without IOL implantation, it is aphakia
Cataract
1. Look for any brown or grey corneal opacity, ask the patient about history of cataract operation. If there was a cataract operation, it is an after cataract
2. If none, ask the patient for the onset. If started since birth, it is a congenital cataract
3. Ask the patient about any history of trauma. If it coincides with the onset of cataract and diminution of vision, it is a traumatic cataract
4. If no history of trauma, ask the patient about his age. If <45, it is a complicated cataract
5. If >45, ask the patient about any ocular operations. If there was, it is a complicated cataract.
6. If >45, ask patient about diabetes. If he is diabetic, it is senile cataract in diabetic patient.
7. If he is not diabetic and has no history of ocular operation, it is senile cataract by exclusion.
8. Look at the colour of the opacity: if it is brown, it is nuclear senile cataract; if it is grey, it is cortical senile cataract
OCULAR MOTILITY
Sit at the level of the patient's eyes at a distance of 50 cm
1. Fix an object in the centre of patient's field e.g.: finger/torchlight
2. Cover one eye	غطّي عين واحدة	Ghatty 3en wa7da
4. Follow the object with your eyes	تابع الحاجة بعينيك	Tabe3 el-7aga be-3enek
5. Don't move your head	ماتحركش راسك	Mat7arraksh rasak
6. Start to move the object slowly towards 6 directions (right, left, up & right, down & right, up & left, down & left). Return to the centre after each step.
7. Repeat each step for the other eye. Normally, there is no limitation (free ocular motility) Limitations of movement occur in paralytic squint
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
Ocular Motility Test (To differentiate between paralytic and concomitant squint)
1. Refer to ocular motility for the instructions
2. Almost in all cases of concomitant squint, there is no limitation of ocular movement
3. Limitation of ocular movement means paralytic squint
Cover-Uncover Test (To differentiate between unilateral and alternating squint)
1. Cover the normal fixing eye, to make sure the squinting eye will be the one that fixes on examination
2. Look at the light	بُصّ على النور	Boss 3ala el-noor
3. Remove the cover: If the new position is (squinting eye continue fixing) maintained, the squint is alternating; If the original position returns (normal fixing eye fix again), the squint is unilateral.
Corneal light reflex "Hirschberg test": (To differentiate between divergent and convergent squint, and to determine the angle of squint)
1. Look at the light	بُصّ على النور	Boss 3ala el-noor
2. Observe light reflex on the surface of both eyes (corneal light reflex): If the eye deviates outwards (corneal reflex is medial to centre of corneal), it is divergent squint. If the eye deviates inwards (corneal light reflex is lateral to centre of cornea), it is convergent squint.
3. Measure the angle of squint (distance of the light reflex from the centre of cornea) whether 15°, 30°, or 45°.
VISION
1. Cover one eye	غطّي عين واحدة	Ghatty 3en wa7da
2. Count my fingers	عُدّ صوابعي	3edd sawab3y
Start at 20 cm; if he can count, increase the distance gradually up to 1 m. If he can count at 1 m, record CF>1m (a visual chart is then needed).
3. Can you see my hand moving?	بتشوف إيدي بتتحرك؟	Betshoof eedy btet7arrak?
If he cannot count fingers at 20 cm, move your hand; if he perceives movement, vision is Hand Movement (HM).
4. Can you see the light?	بتشوف النور؟	Betshoof el-noor?
If not HM, shine a torch in front of the eye; if he sees it, vision is Perception of Light (PL); if not, it is No PL. Repeat for the other eye.
PROJECTION
1. Cover one eye	غطّي عين واحدة	Ghatty 3en wa7da
2. Look straight ahead with the other eye	بُصّ قدامك بالعين التانية	Boss 2oddamak bel-3en el-tanya
3. Point to where the light is coming from	أشّر على مصدر النور	Asher 3ala masdar el-noor
Move the light in different directions. If all directions are correct, projection is good; if any direction is wrong, projection is bad — specify the wrong direction. Repeat for the other eye.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS (Doctor & Patient)
Do you wear glasses or contact lenses?	بْتِلْبِس نَضَّارَة أَوْ عَدَسَات؟	btelbes naddara aw 3adasaat?
When was your last eye exam?	آخِر مَرَّة كَشَفْت رَمَد إِمْتَى؟	akher marra kashaft ramad emta?
Do you have itching in your eye?	عَيْنَك بِتْهُرُشَك؟	3enak bethorshak?
Does your eye tear a lot?	عَيْنَك بِتْدَمَّع كْتِير؟	3enak betdamme3 keteer?
Do you see flashes of light?	بِتْشُوف فْلَاشَات نُور؟	betshoof flashaat noor?
Do you see black spots moving?	بِتْشُوف نُقَط سُودَا بِتِتْحَرَّك؟	betshoof noqat soda betet7arrak?
Is there a history of glaucoma in the family?	فِيه حَد فِي الْعِيلَة عَنْدُه مَيَّة زَرْقَا؟	fee 7ad fel 3eela 3andoh mayya zarqa?
Are you diabetic or hypertensive?	عَنْدَك سُكَّر أَوْ ضَغْط؟	3andak sokkar aw daght?
Look straight ahead, please.	بُص قُدَّامَك لَوْ سَمَحْت.	bos oddamak law sama7t.
Follow my finger without moving your head.	تَابِع صُبَاعِي مِنْ غِير مَا تْحَرَّك رَاسَك.	tabe3 soba3y men gheer ma t7arrak rasak.

🫀 Cardiology

🫁 Chest

🍏 Abdomen

🧠 Neurology

🦋 Endocrinology

🩸 Haematology

🦴 Rheumatology

📖 Important Medical Vocabulary

A comprehensive A–Z trilingual medical glossary (English / Arabic / Franco-Arabic) covering anatomy, diseases, symptoms, procedures and equipment, followed by an interactive doctor–patient conversation and a practice quiz.

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
A
Abdomen	بطنة	ba6na
Abnormal	غير طبيعي	ghayr 6abee3y
Abortion	سقط / اجهاض	saq6 / egha9
Abscess	خراج	5orag
Accident	حادثة	7adtha
Acetabulum	تجويف حقى	tagweef 7oqqy
Acid	حامض	7amed
Acute	حاد	7ad
Adhesion	التصاق	eltesaq
Admitted to hospital	محجوز في المستشفى	ma7gooz fil mostashfa
Adrenal gland	غدة فوق الكلوية	ghodda fawq el-kalawiya
Air	هواء	hawa2
Albumin	زلال	zolal
Alcohol	كحول	ko7ool
Alkaline	قلوي	qalawy
Ambulance car	سيارة إسعاف	sayyaret es3af
Amenorrhoea	انقطاع الحيض	enqe6a3 el-7eid
Amputation	بتر	batr
Anaemia	فقر الدم	faqr el-dam
Anaesthesia	بنج	beng
Angina pectoris	ذبحة صدرية	zab7a 9adriya
Ankylostomiasis	انكلستوما, رهقان	anklostoma, rahaqan
Anorexia	نفس مسدودة	nafs masdooda
Antibiotic	مضاد حيوي	mo9ad 7ayawy
Antidote	مضاد	mo9ad
Antiseptic	مطهر	mo6ahar
Antitoxin	إنتيتوكسين	entetookseen
Anus	شرج	sharag
Aorta	أورطى	awor6a
Apoplexy	نزيف المخ	nazeef el-mo5
Appendicitis	التهاب الزائدة الدودية	eltehab el-za2eda el-dodiyya
Appetite	شهية	shaheyya
Appointment	ميعاد	mi3ad
Arm	ذراع	zera3
Artery	شريان	sheryan
Ascites	إستسقاء	estesqa2
Asphyxia	إختناق	e5tenaq
Aspirate	يسحب	yes7ab
Asthma	ربو	rabw
Attack	نوبة	nawba
Auricle (heart)	الأذين	el-ozain
Axilla	الباط	el-ba6
B
Back	ظهر	dahr
Bacteria	باكتريا	bcteria
Bandage	رباط	reba6
Bath	حمام	7amam
Bear down (during delivery)	يحزق	ya7zaq
Bed clothes	فرش السرير	farsh el-sereer
Bed sore	قرحة الفراش	qor7et el-ferash
Belch	يتكرع	yetkarra3
Bile	مرارة	marara
Bilharzia	بلهرسيا	belharseya
Biliary duct	قناة صفراوية	qanat safraweya
Birth certificate	شهادة الولادة	shahadat el-welada
Bladder wash	غسيل المثانة	ghaseel el-mathana
Blanket	بطانية	ba6aneya
Blind	أعمى	a3ma
Blister	فقاعة	foqa3a
Blood clot	دم متجمد	dam motagamid
Blood count	تعداد كرات الدم	te3dad korat el-dam
Blood picture	صورة الدم	soret el-dam
Blood pressure	ضغط الدم	dagh6 el-dam
Blood vessel	أوعية دموية	aw3eya damaweya
Blurred vision	مغبش	moghabesh
Body	جسم	gesm
Boiled	مغلي	maghly
Bone	عظمة	3a9'ma
Bowels	إمعاء	em3a2
Brain	دماغ, مخ	demagh, mo5
Breast	ثdى	thady
Breastfeed	رضاعة	re9a3a
Breathe	يتنفس	yetnaffes
Breathlessness	كرشة النفس, ينهج	karshet el-nafas, yenhag
Bronchitis	التهاب الشعبي	eltehab el-sho3aby
Bronchopneumonia	التهاب رئوي شعبي	eltehab re2awy sho3aby
Broth	مرقه	maraqa
Bruise	كدمة	kadma
Bug bite	قرصة البق	qarset el-baq
Bulge	انتفاخ	entefa5
Burn	يحرق	ya7raq
Burst	ينفجر	yenfeger
C
Cachet	برشامة	barshama
Calculi (stone)	حصوة	7a9wa
Cancer	سرطان	sara6an
Capillaries	أوعية شعرية	aw3eya sha3reya
Carbohydrates	مواد نشوية	mawad nashaweya
Carious (decayed)	مسوس	mesawwes
Carotid	شريان السباتي	sheryan el-sobati
Cartilage	غضروف	gho9roof
Castor oil	زيت خروع	zeit 5arwa3
Cataract	مية بيضا	maya bayda
Catarrhal	زكام	zokam
Catheter	قسطرة	qas6ara
Cautery	مكوى	makwa
Cavity	تجويف	tagweef
Cerebrospinal fluid	سائل شوكي	sa2el shawky
Cervix of the uterus	عنق الرحم	3onoq el-ra7em
Chest	صدر	9adr
Chicken pox	جدري الفراخ	goderi el-fera5
Child	طفل	6efl
Chin	ذقن	daqn
Cholecystitis	التهاب المرارة	eltehab el-marara
Cholera	كوليرا	colera
Chorea	رقص السنجي	raqs el-sengy
Choroid	مشيمة	masheema
Chronic (duration)	مزمن	mozmen
Circumcision	الختان, طهارة	el-5etan, 6ahara
Clear one's throat	ينحنح	yena7na7
Clear	شفاف	shafaf
Cleft palate	شرم الحنق	sharme el-7anaq
Clench (hand)	يطبق يده	ye6abbaq yedo
Clitoris	بظر	ba9'r
Close one's eyes	غمض	ghamma9'
Clothes	ملابس, هدوم	malabes, hodoom
Colicky pain	مغص	magha9
Colon	قولون	qawloon
Coma	غيبوبة	ghaybooba
Complaint	يشتكي	yeshteky
Complication	مضاعفات	mo9a3afat
Concussion	اهتزاز المخ	ehtezaz el-mo5
Congenital defect	عيوب خلقي	3oyoob 5olqy
Constipation	إمساك	emsak
Consult (referral)	يستشير	yastasheer
Contagious	معدي	mo3dy
Convulsion	تشنج	tashannog
Cool	يبرد	yebrad
Cornea	قرنية	qarneyya
Corpse	جثة	gotha
Cough	كحة, سعال	ko77a, so3al
Cover	غطاء	gha6a2
Cupping	الحجامة	el-7egama
Cure	شفاء	shefa2
Curettage	كحت	ka7t
Cyst	كيس	kees
Cystitis	التهاب المثانة	eltehab el-mathana
D
Damp	رطب	ra6eb
Danger	خطر	5a6ar
Deaf	أصم, أطرش	a9am, a6rash
Death certificate	شهادة الوفاة	shahadat el-wafah
Defecation	تبرز	tabarroz
Deformity	عيب	3eib
Degree	درجة	daraga
Delirium	خطرفة	5a6rafa
Delivery	ولادة	welada
Delusion	وهم	wahm
Denture	طقم أسنان	6aqm asnan
Depressor (tongue)	خافض اللسان	5afe9' el-lesan
Destroyed	خرب, عطل	5arab, 3e6el
Diabetes	مرض السكر	marad el-sokkar
Diagnose	يشخص	yesha55a9
Die	يموت	yamoot
Diet	غذاء	gheza2
Digestion	هضم	ha9'm
Dilate	يوسع	yewassa3
Dilute	يخفف	yo5affef
Diphtheria	دفتريا	defterya
Discharge	إفراز	efraz
Disease	مرض	marad
Disinfectant	مطهر	mo6ahhar
Dislocate	ينخلع	yen5ele3
Dissect	يشرح	yesharra7
Distressed	متضايق	metdayeq
Dose	جرعة	gor3a
Drops	قطرة	qa6ra
Drown	يغرق	yeghraq
Drowsy	نعسان	na3san
Drug	دواء	dawa2
Dry	يجف	yegeff
Duct (channel)	قناة	qanat
Dumb	عبيط	3abee6
Duodenum	أثنى عشر	ethna 3ashar
Dysentery	دسنتريا	desenterya
Dysmenorrhoea	العادة بالوجع	el-3ada bel-waga3
Dyspepsia	مشاكل في الهضم	mashakel fel-ha9'm
E
Ear	ودن	wedn
Ectopic gestation	حمل خارج الرحم	7aml 5areg el-ra7em
Eczema	حرارة جلدية	7arara geldeya
Effervescent	فوار	fawwar
Elasticity	مرونة	moroona
Elbow	كوع	koo3
Elephantiasis	مرض الفيل	mara9 el-feel
Emaciation	يخس	ye5ess
Embryo	جنين	ganeen
Emergency operation	عملية فجائية	3amaleya foga2eya
Emetic	مقيء	moqy2
Emphysema	انتفاخ الرئة	entefa5 el-re2a
Emulsion	مستحلب	mosta7lab
Encephalitis	التهاب المخ	eltehab el-mo5
Endocarditis	التهاب بطانة القلب	eltehab be6anet el-qalb
Enteric fever	تيفودية	teifodeyya
Enteritis	التهاب معوي	eltehab me3awy
Enuresis	عدم ضبط البول	3adam 9ab6 el-bawl
Epidemic	وباء	waba2
Epiglottis	لسان مزمار	lesan mezmar
Epilepsy	صرعة	9ar3a
Epistaxis	نزيف أنفي	nazeef anfy
Erosion	تقرح	taqarro7
Eruption (skin)	طفح جلدي	6af7 geldy
Erysipelas	حمرة	7omra
Eustachian tube	قناة سمعية	qanat sam3eya
Examine	يكشف	yekshesf
Exercise	يتمرن	yetmarran
Excreta	براز	boraz
Expectoration	بلغم	balgham
Extend	يمد	yemedd
Eye	عين	3ein
Eyebrow	حاجب العين	7ageb el-3ein
Eyelash	رمش	remsh
Eyelid	جفن	gefn
Eye dropper	قطارة	qa66ara
Eye (pupil)	حدقة العين	7adaqet el-3ein
F
Face	وش	wesh
Faeces	براز	boraz
Faint	اغماء	eghma2
Fasting	صوم	9awm
Fat	الدهن	el-dohn
Fed up	زهقان	zahqan
Female	أنثى	ontha
Femur	فخد	fa5d
Fetid	ريحة كريهة	ree7a kareeha
Fever	حرارة, سخونية	7arara, so5oneya
Fibroid	ورم	waram
Finger	صباع	9oba3
Fingernail	ظفر	9'ofr
First aid	إسعاف	es3af
Fistula	ناسور	nasoor
Flatulence	انتفاخ	entefa5
Fluid	سائل	sa2el
Flushed (face)	يحمر	ya7mar
Fly	ذبابة	zobbaba
Foetus	جنين	ganeen
Foment	كمدات	kamadat
Food	طعام	6a3am
Foot	رجل, قدم	regl, qadam
Forceps	جفت	geft
Forearm	ساعد	sa3ed
Forehead	جبهة, قورة	gebha, qoora
Fowler's position	وضع فولر	wa9'3 fawlar
Fracture	كسر	kasr
Freckles	نمش	namash
Fresh	طازج	6azeg
Fumigate	يبخر	yeba55ar
Function	وظيفة	wa9'eefa
Funnel	قمع	qom3
Furuncle	دمل	dommal
Faeces (solid)	براز ناشف	boraz nashef
Faeces (soft)	براز طري	boraz 6ary
G
Gall	مرارة	marara
Gallbladder	كيس المرارة	kees el-marara
Gallstone	حصوة المرارة	7a9wet el-marara
Gangrene	غرغرينا	gharghareena
Gargle	مضمضة	ma9ma9a
Gauze	شاش	shash
Germ	جرثومة	gorthooma
Gestation period	مدة الحمل	moddet el-7aml
Giddy	دايخ	daye5
Gland	غدة	ghodda
Glaucoma	مية زرقاء	maya zarqa2
Goiter	تضخم الغدة الدرقية	ta9a5om el-ghodda el-daraqeya
Gonorrhoea	سيالان	sayalan
Gout	النقرس	el-naqras
Groin	حن الورك	7enn el-werk
Gum	اللثة	el-latha
Gynaecology	أمراض النساء	amra9 el-nesa2
H
Habit	عادة	3ada
Haematemesis	نزيف معدي	nazeef me3ady
Haematuria	دم في البول	dam fel-bawl
Haemoptysis	نزيف رئوي	nazeef re2awy
Haemorrhage	نزيف	nazeef
Haemorrhoids	بواسير	bawaseer
Hair	شعر	sha3r
Hallucinations	وحم	wa7m
Head	رأس	ra2s
Headache	صداع	9oda3
Hear	يسمع	yesma3
Heart	قلب	qalb
Heel	قدم	qadam
Hereditary	وراثي	werathy
Hernia	فتاق	ftaq
Herpes	حرارة	7arara
Hiccup	زغطة	zagh6a
Hip	ردف	radf
Hoarseness	صوت مذبوح	9awt mazboo7
Hot	حار	7ar
Hunger	جوع	goo3
Hydrocephalus	استسقا دماغي	estesqa demaghy
Hymen	غشاء البكارة	ghesha2 el-bakara
Hypertrophy	تضخم	ta9a5om
Hysteria	هستيريا	hesterya
I
Idiot	عبيط	3abee6
Imbecile	أحمق	a7maq
Immunity	مناعة	mana3a
Imperforated anus	شرج مسدود	sharag masdood
Impotence	عجز	3agz
Improve	يتحسن	yeta7assan
Incontinence	عدم ضبط البول	3adam 9ab6 el-bawl
Incubation	زمن الحضانة	zaman el-7a9ana
Infant	طفل	6efl
Infection	عدوى	3adwa
Inflammation	التهاب	eltehab
Influenza	انفلونزا	enflawanza
Inhalation	بخار	bo5ar
Injection	حقنة	7oqna
Insect	حشرة	7ashara
Insomnia	عدم النوم	3adam el-nawm
Intestine	إمعاء	em3a2
Intradermal injection	حقنة جلدية	7oqna geldeya
Intramuscular injection	عضلي	3a9'aly
Intravenous injection	عرقي	3erqy
Iris	قزحية	qaza7eya
Iron	حديد	7adeed
Irritate	يهيج	yehaig
Itch	هرش	harsh
J
Jaundice	صفراء	9afra2
Jaw	فك	fakk
Jejunum	صائم	9a2em
Joints	مفاصل	mafa9el
K
Kidney	كلوة	kelwa
Knee	ركبة	rokba
L
Laboratory	معمل	ma3mal
Labour pain	طلق	6alq
Lacerated	ممزق	momazzaq
Laryngitis	التهاب الحنجرة	eltehab el-7angara
Larynx	حنجرة	7angara
Laxative	مسهل	mosahhel
Lead (carbon)	رصاص	re9a9
Leg	رجل	regl
Lens	عدسة	3adasa
Leprosy	جذام	gozam
Lethargy	خمول	5omool
Ligament	رباط	reba6
Lip	شفايف	shafayef
Liquid	سائل	sa2el
Liver	كبد	kebd
Lock-jaw (tetanus)	مرض كزاز	mara9 kozaz
Loin	حق	7aq
Lung	رئة	re2a
Lymph	لمفاء	lemfa2
M
Malaria	ملريا	malarya
Male	ذكر	zakar
Malformation	تشوه	tashawwoh
Malignant	خبيث	5abeeth
Mandible	فك سفلي	fakk sofly
Married	متزوج	motazawweg
Marrow	نخاع	no5a3
Massage	تدليك	tadleek
Measles	حصبة	7a9ba
Measure	يوزن	yewzen
Medicine	دواء	dawa2
Meningitis	الحمى الشوكية	el-7omma el-shawkeya
Menopause	سن اليأس	senn el-ya2s
Menstruation	عادة	3ada
Microscope	ميكروسكوب	meycroscope
Micturition	تبول	tabawwol
Midwife	داية	daya
Migraine	صداع	9oda3
Mixed	مخلوط	ma5loo6
Molar teeth	ضرس	dars
Mosquito	ناموسة	namoosa
Mouth	فم	fam
Mouthwash	مضمضة	ma9ma9a
Mucus	مخاطي	mo5a6y
Murmur (heart)	خرير	5areer
Muscle	عضلة	3a9'ala
N
Narrow	ضيق	9ayyeq
Nausea	نفسي تقوم علي	nafsy teqoom 3alayya
Neck	رقبة, عنق	raqaba, 3onoq
Negative	سلبي	salby
Nephritis (acute)	التهاب كلوي حاد	eltehab kalawy 7ad
Nerve	عصب	3a9ab
Nervousness	عصبي	3a9aby
Nipple	حلمة	7alama
Normal	طبيعي	6abee3y
Nose	أنف, مناخير	anf, mana5eer
Nostril	فتحة الأنف	fat7et el-anf
Nurse	ممرض	momarred
O
Obesity	سمنة	semna
Obstetrics	علم الولادة	3elm el-welada
Obstruction	انسداد	ensedad
Oedema	ورم	waram
Oesophagus	مريء	maree2
Ointment	مرهم	marham
Opacity of the eye	نقطة على العين	noq6a 3ala el-3ein
Opaque	عاكر	3aker
Ophthalmia	رمد	ramad
Ophthalmia neonatorum	رمد صديدي للأطفال	ramad 9adeedy lel-a6fal
Ordinary	اعتيادي	e3teyady
Organ	عضو	3o9'w
Osteomyelitis	التهاب نخاع العظم	eltehab no5a3 el-3a9'm
Otitis	التهاب الأذن	eltehab el-ozon
Outpatient clinic	عيادة	3eyada
Ovarian cyst	كيس في المبيض	kees fel-mabye9'
Ovary	مبيض	mabye9'
Twisted pedicle	التواء العنق	eltewa2 el-3onoq
P
Pad	فوطة	foo6a
Pain	ألم, وجع	alam, waga3
Pain (colicky)	مغص	magha9
Pain (sawing)	نشر	nashar
Pain (stabbing)	يشك	yeshokk
Palate	قبة	qobba
Pale	شحوب	sho7oob
Palm	كف اليد	kaff el-yad
Palpitation	رفرفة	rafrefa
Pancreas	بنكرياس	benkeryas
Paralysis	شلل	shalal
Parasite	نبات طفيلي	nabat 6ofaily
Pelvis	حوض	7aw9'
Pelvis of kidney	حوض الكلوة	7aw9' el-kelwa
Penis	ماسورة	masoora
Percuss	يجس	yegess
Perforated	مخروم	ma5room
Pericardium	غشاء القلب	ghesha2 el-qalb
Perineum	عجان	3aggan
Period (menses)	حيض	7ei9'
Periostitis	التهاب السمحاق	eltehab el-sam7aq
Permission	تصريح, إذن	ta9ree7, ezn
Pessary	حلقة	7alaqa
Pharmacy	صيدلية, أجزخانة	saydaleya, agza5ana
Pharyngitis	التهاب البلعوم	eltehab el-bal3oom
Pharynx	البلعوم	el-bal3oom
Phlegm	بلغم	balgham
Physician	طبيب	6abeeb
Pill	القرص, الحبوب	el-qor9, el-7oboob
Pimple	حبة	7abba
Pinworm	دود رفيع	dood rafee3
Pituitary gland	غدة نخامية	ghodda no5ameya
Placenta	مشيمة, خلاص	masheema, 5ala9
Placenta praevia	خلاص متقدم	5ala9 motaqaddem
Plague	طاعون	6a3oon
Plasma	بلازما	belazma
Pneumonia	التهاب رئوي	eltehab re2awy
Poison	سم	semm
Polyps	لحمية	la7meya
Positive	مجاب, إيجابية	mogab, eygabeya
Posture	وضع	wa9'3
Powder	بودر	booder
Pregnancy	حمل, خلفة	7aml, 5elfa
Pregnant	حامل	7amel
Prepare	يجهز	yegehaz
Prescription	روشتة	roshteta
Prevent	يمنع	yemna3
Prolapsed of rectum	نزول الصفرة	nozool el-sofra
Prolapsed of uterus	سقوط الرحم	soqoo6 el-ra7em
Protect	يحمي	ya7my
Puberty	سن البلوغ	senn el-boloogh
Puerperal fever	حمى النفاس	7omma el-nefas
Pull out (tooth)	يخلع	ye5la3
Pulse	نبض	nab9'
Pupil	حدقة العين	7adaqet el-3ein
Pus	صديد	9adeed
Put out your tongue	طلع لسانك	6alla3 lesanak
Pyelitis	التهاب حوض الكلوة	eltehab 7aw9' el-kelwa
Q
Quarantine	محاجر صحية	ma7ager se77eya
Quinine	كينا	keena
R
Rabies	مرض الكلب	marad el-kalb
Rash	طفح جلدي	6af7 geldy
Recovery	شفاء	shefa2
Rectum	صفرة	sofra
Red corpuscle	كرات حمراء	korat 7amra2
Refuse	يرفض	yerfo9'
Regular	عادي	3ady
Relapsing fever	حمى راجعة	7omma rag3a
Relax	استريح	estareya7
Remove	يشيل	yesheel
Respiration	تنفس	tanaffos
Rest	راحة	ra7a
Result	نتيجة	nateega
Retroversion	انقلاب الرحم للوراء	enqelab el-ra7em lel-wara2
Rheumatism	ريوماتيزم	reyomatezm
Rib	ضلع	del3
Rickets	كساح	kosa7
Rigor	رعشة	ra3sha
Ringworm	فراغ	faragh
S
Saliva	لعاب	lo3ab
Salivary glands	غدد لعابية	ghodad lo3abeya
Salpingitis	التهاب الأنابيب	eltehab el-anabeeb
Sand	رمل	raml
Sarcoma	سرطان	sara6an
Scabies	هرش	harsh
Scalp	جلد الرأس	geld el-ra2s
Scar	أثر جرح	athar gor7
Scarlet fever	حمى قرمزية	7omma qormozeya
Scrotum	كيس	kees
Scurvy	مرض اسقربوطي	marad esqarboo6y
Secondary	ثانوي	thanawy
Secretion	إفرازات	efrazat
Sedative	مسكن	mosakken
Semen	مني	many
Sepsis	تعفن	ta3affon
Septicaemia	حمى عفنة	7omma 3afena
Sheet	ملاية	melaya
Shoulder	كتف	ketf
Side	جنب	ganb
Sight	نظر	na9'ar
Skin	جلد	geld
Sleep	ينام	yanam
Small pox	جدري	godary
Snakebite	عضة التعبان	3a9'et el-te3ban
Sneeze	يعطس	ye36as
Sniff	ينف	yenef
Solid	جامد	gamed
Sore (ulcer)	قرحة	qor7a
Specimen (sample)	عينة	3ayyena
Spectacles	نظارة	na9'ara
Speculum	منظارة	men9'ara
Spine	عمود فقري	3amood faqary
Spinal cord	نخاع شوكي	no5a3 shawky
Spleen	طحال	6o7al
Spoon	ملعقة	mal3aqa
Sputum	بلغم	balgham
Squint	أحول	a7wal
Sterilization	تعقيم	ta3qeem
Stethoscope	سماعة	samma3a
Stitch	خياطة	5eya6a
Stomach	معدة	me3da
Stones (calculi)	حصوة	7a9wa
Stool	براز	boraz
Stye	دمل العين	dommel el-3ein
Suck	يمص	yemo99
Swallow	يبلع	yebla3
Sweat	يعرق	ye3raq
Swelling	ورم	waram
Symptom	علامة	3alama
Syphilis	زهري	zohary
Syringe	حقنة	7oqna
System	جهاز	gehaz
T
Take off your clothes	اخلع الهدوم	e5la3 el-hodoom
Tampon	لبوس	leboos
Tapeworm	دودة شريطية	dooda sharee6eya
Temperature	حرارة	7arara
Tenesmus	تعنية	ta3neya
Testicles	خصية	5o9ya
Thigh	فخد	fa5d
Thirst	عطش	3a6ash
Throat	حلق	7alq
Thrombosis	تخثر الدم	ta5athor el-dam
Thumb	إبهام	ebham
Thyroid	غدة درقية	ghodda daraqeya
Tired	تعبان	ta3ban
Tongue	لسان	lesan
Tonsil	اللوز	el-lawz
Tooth	سن	senn
Tourniquet	رباط	reba6
Trachea	قصبة هوائية	qa9aba hawa2eya
Transfusion (blood)	نقل الدم	naql el-dam
Tray	صينية	9aneya
Treatment	علاج	3elag
Tremor	اهتزاز	ehtezaz
Truss	حزام	7ezam
Tube	أنبوبة	onbooba
Tuberculosis	سل	soll
Tumour	ورم	waram
Twin	توأم	taw2am
Typhoid fever	حمى تيفودية	7omma teifodeya
U
Ulcer	قرحة	qor7a
Umbilical cord	سرة	sorra
Unconscious	إغماء	eghma2
Undress	يخلع الهدوم	ye5la3 el-hodoom
Ureter	حالب	7aleb
Urethra	مجرى البول	magra el-bawl
Urination	تبول	tabawwol
Urine	البول	el-bawl
Use	يستخدم	yesta5dem
Uterus	الرحم	el-ra7em
Uvula	غلصمة	ghal9ama
V
Vaccination	تطعيم	ta63eem
Vagina	مهبل	mahbal
Valve	صمام	9emam
Varicose vein	قرحة متصلبة	qor7a mota9alleba
Vein	وريد	wareed
Venereal disease	أمراض تناسلية	amrad tanasoleya
Vinegar	خل	5all
Vision	نظر	na9'ar
Voice	صوت	9awt
Volatile	متبخر	motaba55er
Vomit (to)	رجع	ragga3
Vomit (noun)	قيء	qaya2
W
Waist	وسط	wes6
Wart	سنطة	san6a
Waste	زبالة	zebala
Weak	ضعيف	9a3eef
Weaning	فطام	fe6am
Weight	وزن	wazn
Wet	مبلول	mablool
Wheeze	تزييق	tazzeeq
Whooping cough	كحة الديك	ko77et el-deek
Widow	أرملة	armala
Windpipe	قصبة هوائية	qa9aba hawa2eya
Womb	بيت الولد	bayt el-walad
Worms	دودة	dooda
Wound	جرح	gor7
Wrap	لف	laff
Wrist	معصم اليد	me39am el-yad
X
X-ray	أشعة	ashe33a
X-ray picture	صورة أشعة	9ooret ashe33a
Y
Yawn	يتاوب	yetaweb
Yellow fever	حمى صفراء	7omma 9afra2
Z
Zero	صفر	sefr
Zinc	زنك	zink
Zoology	علم الحيوان	3elm el-7ayawan

Doctor–Patient Conversations

Doctor: What is your complaint?

Patient: I have a severe headache. (عندي صداع شديد — 3endy 9oda3 shadeed)

Doctor: Do you have a fever?

Patient: Yes, my temperature is high. (أيوة، عندي حرارة — aywa, 3endy 7arara)

Doctor: Where is the pain?

Patient: The pain is in my abdomen. (الألم في بطني — el-alam fe ba6ny)

Doctor: Do you have a cough?

Patient: Yes, and I have phlegm. (أيوة، وعندي بلغم — aywa, wa 3endy balgham)

Doctor: Are you pregnant?

Patient: Yes, I am pregnant. (أيوة، أنا حامل — aywa, ana 7amel)

Doctor: Do you suffer from asthma?

Patient: Yes, I have breathlessness. (أيوة، عندي كرشة نفس — aywa, 3endy karshet nafas)

Doctor: Did you vomit?

Patient: Yes, I felt nausea and vomited. (أيوة، نفسي قامت علي ورجعت — aywa, nafsy qamet 3alayya wa ragga3t)

Doctor: Do you have any chronic disease?

Patient: Yes, diabetes. (أيوة، مرض السكر — aywa, marad el-sokkar)

Doctor: Please take this prescription to the pharmacy.

Patient: Thank you, doctor. (شكراً يا دكتور — shokran ya doctor)

Doctor: We need an X-ray picture.

Patient: Okay, where is the laboratory? (حاضر، فين المعمل؟ — 7ader, fain el-ma3mal?)

🔬 Medical Investigations and Anatomy

Common laboratory and radiological investigations with their Egyptian Arabic and Franco-Arabic equivalents, plus pictorial anatomy vocabulary, an interactive doctor–patient conversation, and a practice quiz.

Medical Investigations and Anatomy

English	Arabic	Franco-Arabic
Blood sugar	سكر في الدم	Sukkar fil dam
Bone marrow biopsy	عَيْنَةٌ مِنْ نُخَاعُ الْعِظَمُ	'Ayna min nukha' al-'izam
Chest X-ray	أَشْعَةً عَلَى الصَدْر	Ashi'a 'ala al-sadr
Complete blood count	تَحْلِيلْ دَمْ كَامِل	Tahlil dam kamil
Echocardiography	رَسَمٌ قَلْب	Rasm qalb
Endoscopy	مِنْظارُ	Minzar
Folliculometry (transvaginal sonography)	أَشَعَة تِلْفِزِيُونِيَّةٌ عَنْ طَرِيقِ مِهْبَلْ ؛ سُونَارُ مِهْبَلِي	Ashi'a televizyoniyya 'an tariq mehbal; sonar mehbali
Histopathological studies for infants or placenta	تَحْلِيلْ خَلَايَا لِلْأَطْفَالُ أَوْ لِلْمَشِيمَةٌ	Tahlil khalaya lil-atfal aw lil-mashima
Hormonal profile	تَحْلِيلَ هُرْمُونَاتْ بِالدَّمْ	Tahlil hormonat biddam
Hysterosalpingography	أَشْعَةُ بِالصَّبْغَةُ عَلَى الرَّحِمْ وَالْأَنَابِيبُ	Ashi'a bilsabgha 'ala al-rahim wal-anabib
Hysteroscopy	مِنْظَارُ الرَّحِيمُ مِنْ مِهْبَلْ	Minzar al-rahim min mehbal
Kidney function test	وظائف الكلية	Waza'if al-kuliya
Laparoscopy	منظار البطن	Minzar al-batn
Liver function test	وَظَائِف الكبد	Waza'if al-kibd
Premenstrual endometrial biopsy	عَمَلِيَّة كَحَتْ وِ عَيْنَة مِنْ الرَّحِمْ	'Amaliyya kahat wi 'ayna min al-rahim
Rh typing	تحليل للأر أتش	Tahlil lil-ar etch
Thyroid function test	وَظَائِف الغدة الدرقية	Waza'if al-ghudda al-daraqiyya
Ultrasonography	فَحَصْ بِالْمَوحَاتْ الصوتِيَّة ؛ سُونَارُ	Fahs bil-mawqat al-sawtiyya; sonar
Urine analysis	تحليل بول	Tahlil bawl
Urine culture and sensitivity	مَزْرَعَة بُولُ وَ حَسَاسِيَّةٌ	Mazra'at bawl wa hasasiyya

Pictorials — Anatomy Vocabulary

Lymph Nodes & Thyroid
Lymph nodes at the neck	الغُدَّةِ الليمْفَاوِيَّةِ فِي الرَّقَبَة	Al-ghudda al-limfawiyya fi al-raqaba
Thyroid	الغدة الدرقية	Al-ghudda al-daraqiyya

Head & Neck Anatomy
1. Head	الرأس	Al-ras
2. Hair	الشعر	Al-sha'r
3. Forehead	الأورة	Al-awra
4. Ear	ودن	Widn
5. Face	الوش	Al-wish
6. Nose	مناخير	Manakhir
7. Neck	الرقبة	Al-raqaba
8. Chin	النَّقْنِ	Al-naqn / Al-zaqn
9. Beard	اللحية	Al-lihya
10. Mouth	الخد	Al-khadd
11. Moustache	الشارب	Al-sharib
12. Cheek	الفم	Fam
13. Mole	حَسَنَةٌ	Hasana
14. Eyebrow	الحاجب	Al-hajib
15. Eye	العين	Al-ayn

Upper Limb Anatomy
1. Shoulder	الكتف	Al-kitf
2. Arm	الذراع	Al-zira'
3. Armpit	الإبط	Al-ibit
4. Elbow	الكوع	Al-ku'
5. Wrist	الرسغ	Al-rusgh
6. Hand	اليد	Al-yad
7. Fingers	الإصْبَعْ	Al-isba'

Chest & Abdomen Anatomy
1. Chest	الصدر	Al-sadr
2. Breast	الثدي	Al-thady
3. Nipple	الحلمة	Al-halama
4. Abdomen	البطن	Al-batn
5. Umbilicus	السرة	Al-surra
6. Waist	الخضر, الوسط	Al-khasr, al-wasat

Oral Cavity & Fingernail
1. Mouth	فم	Fam
2. Lips	الشفايف	Al-shafayif
3. Teeth	الأَسْنَان	Al-asnan
4. Uvula	لاة الخلق	Lahaat al-khalq
5. Tonsils	اللوز	Al-lawz
6. Tongue	اللسان	Al-lisan
1. Finger nails	أظافر الأصبع	Azafir al-isba'

Heart & Lungs
1. Heart	القلب	Al-qalb
2. Vessels (artery and vein)	الشريان ، الوريد	Al-sharyan, al-warid
1. Trachea	القصبة الهوائية	Al-qasaba al-hawa'iyya
2. Lung	الرئة	Al-ri'a

Internal Organs
Liver	الكبد	Al-kibd
1. Gall bladder	المرارة	Al-marara
1. Spleen	الطحال	Al-tuhal
2. Pancreas	البنكرياس	Al-bankiryas
1. Oesophagus	البلعوم ، المرئ	Al-bal'um, al-mari'
2. Stomach	المعدة	Al-mi'da

Urinary Tract
1. Kidneys	كلية ، كلا	Kuliya, kila
2. Adrenal glands	الغُدَّةِ فَوْقَ الكَلَوِيَّة أو الكَظَرِيَّة	Al-ghudda fawqa al-kalawiyya aw al-kazariyya
3. Ureter	الحالب	Al-halib
4. Urinary bladder	المثانة	Al-mathana
5. Urethra	قناء مجرى البول ، فتحة التَّبول	Qanat majra al-bawl, fathat al-tabawwul
6. Prostate	غُدَّةِ البُرُوسْتَانَا	Ghuddat al-brustata

Large Intestine
1. Intestine	الأمعاء	Al-am'a'
2. Colon	القَوْلُون	Al-qawlun
3. Rectum	المستقيم	Al-mustaqim
4. Sigmoid	القُولُون السيني	Al-qulun al-sini
5. Appendix	الزائدة الدودية	Al-za'ida al-dawdiyya

Reproductive Organs
Female Reproductive Organ
1. Uterus	الرحم	Al-rahim
2. Ovaries	المبايض	Al-mabayid
3. Fallopian tubes	الأنابيب	Al-anabib
4. Cervix	عنقة الرحم	'Unuq al-rahim
5. Vagina	المهبل	Al-mahbil
Male Reproductive Organ
1. Penis	القضيب	Al-qadib
2. Scrotum	كيس الصَّغْن ، الخصية	Kis al-safn, al-khusya

Doctor & Patient Dialogues

Doctor: Do you have your complete blood count results? (هل معك نتائج تَحْلِيلْ دَمْ كَامِل؟ — Hal ma'ak nata'ij tahlil dam kamil?)

Patient: Yes, doctor. Here is the analysis. (نعم يا دكتور، تفضل التحليل — Na'am ya doktor, tafaddal al-tahlil.)

Doctor: We need to do a chest X-ray. (نحتاج لعمل أَشْعَةً عَلَى الصَدْر — Nahtaj li-'amal ashi'a 'ala al-sadr.)

Patient: Is there a problem in my chest? (هل توجد مشكلة في صدري؟ — Hal tujad mushkila fi sadri?)

Doctor: Your blood sugar is slightly high. (سكر في الدم لديك مرتفع قليلاً — Sukkar fil dam ladayk murtafi' qalilan.)

Patient: I will stop eating sweets. (سأتوقف عن تناول الحلويات — Sa-atawaqqaf 'an tanawul al-halawiyat.)

Doctor: Did you do the kidney function test? (هل قمت بعمل وظائف الكلية؟ — Hal qumt bi-'amal waza'if al-kuliya?)

Patient: Yes, I did it yesterday morning. (نعم، قمت به صباح الأمس — Na'am, qumt bihi sabah al-ams.)

Doctor: The liver function test is completely normal. (وَظَائِف الكبد طبيعية تماماً — Waza'if al-kibd tabi'iyya tamaman.)

Patient: Thank God for that. (الحمد لله على ذلك — Alhamdulillah 'ala zalik.)

Doctor: I will refer you for an endoscopy. (سأقوم بتحويلك لعمل مِنْظارُ — Sa-aqum bi-tahwilak li-'amal minzar.)

Patient: Will it be painful? (هل سيكون مؤلماً؟ — Hal sayakun mu'liman?)

Doctor: Please provide a urine analysis sample. (يرجى إعطاء عينة لعمل تحليل بول — Yurja i'ta' 'ayna li-'amal tahlil bawl.)

Patient: Where is the laboratory located? (أين يقع المعمل؟ — Ayna yaqa' al-ma'mal?)

Doctor: We also require a urine culture and sensitivity. (نحتاج أيضاً إلى مَزْرَعَة بُولُ وَ حَسَاسِيَّةٌ — Nahtaj aydan ila mazra'at bawl wa hasasiyya.)

Patient: How many days for the result? (كم يوماً تستغرق النتيجة؟ — Kam yawman tastaghriq al-natija?)

Doctor: Have you ever had an echocardiography? (هل قمت بعمل رَسَمٌ قَلْب من قبل؟ — Hal qumt bi-'amal rasm qalb min qabl?)

Patient: No, this is my first time. (لا، هذه أول مرة — La, hazihi awwal marra.)

Doctor: We must check your thyroid function test. (يجب أن نفحص وَظَائِف الغدة الدرقية — Yajib an nafhas waza'if al-ghudda al-daraqiyya.)

Patient: Okay doctor, I will do the tests today. (حسناً يا دكتور، سأقوم بالتحاليل اليوم — Hasanan ya doktor, sa-aqum bil-tahalil al-yawm.)

🚑 Egyptian Emergency Room

Original trilingual phrases for the Egyptian ER — triage, pain, trauma, breathing, cardiac emergencies, bleeding, allergy and emergency actions — with a doctor–patient conversation and quiz.

QUIZ

Question 1 of 10

Pick the best answer. Tap a tile to lock it in.

DOCTOR'S PHRASE

Learn the language of your Egyptian patient.

Lessons (Fully Unlocked without any Subtests) — An effective Bedside History-taking companion and a reference tool.

Franco (Arabizi)

Communication & Ethics

General History Taking

Medical Specialties

Important Medical Vocabulary

Medical Investigations and Anatomy

Smart tools

Flashcards

Quiz

AI Patient

Translate

Learn Franco (Arabizi) For Beginners

Hamza (ء/ق)

Ain (ع)

Khaa (خ)

Haa (ح)

Ghain (غ)

Saad (ص)

Communication, Ethics & Manners

General History Taking

🩺 Medical Specialties

💊 Internal Medicine

🔪 Surgery

🧸 Pediatrics

👶 Obstetrics & Gynaecology

👂 ENT

👁️ Ophthalmology

🚑 Egyptian Emergency Room

💊 Internal Medicine Systems

🫀 1. Cardiology

🫁 2. Chest

🍏 3. Abdomen

🧠 4. Neurology

🦋 5. Endocrinology

🩸 6. Haematology

🦴 7. Rheumatology

🔪 Surgery

CHAPTER 2: SURGERY

Common Surgical Symptoms

Mnemonic for pain → SOCRATES

Surgical Sheets

Doctor & Patient Interactions

🧸 Paediatrics

CHAPTER 3: PAEDIATRICS

GENERAL HISTORY IN PAEDIATRICS

Doctor & Patient Dialogue Examples

👶 Obstetrics & Gynaecology (O&G)

General History in Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Personal History (additional points)

Complaint

Present History — Obstetrics

Present History — Gynaecology

Menstrual History

Obstetrics History

Past History

Family History

⬥ Obstetric Cases

Ante Partum Haemorrhage

Hypertension With Pregnancy

Diabetes With Pregnancy

Heart Disease With Pregnancy

Rh Incompatibility With Pregnancy

Previous Cesarean Section

⬥ Gynaecology Cases

Bleeding

Infertility

Amenorrhoea

Genital Prolapse

Pelvi-Abdominal Swelling

Doctor Asks & Patient Answers (Roleplay Dialogue)

👂 Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT)

Clinical Dialogue Practice

👁️ Ophthalmology

🫀 Cardiology

🫁 Chest

🍏 Abdomen

🧠 Neurology

🦋 Endocrinology